What the Old Testament Authors Really Cared About

I’m intrigued when a book’s title has the chutzpah to make a grandiose promise. I’m suspicious unless that text hooks me quickly. And I’m flabbergasted when the aforementioned guarantee is delivered, so to speak, on time and under budget.

And this “Survey of Jesus’ Bible” edited by Jason S. DeRouchie did all three.

What Makes This Work Unique

I’m speaking of What the Old Testament Authors Really Cared About (Kregel Academic, 2013). With the wealth of quality Bible scholarship available to us, especially in the form of accessible Old Testament surveys, why would a publisher dare to present us with what the OT authors really cared about? What does this text have to offer that other OT surveys haven’t already provided?

In short, this OT survey focuses its discussion of each OT book more on the book’s theological message than its historical background. Of course, the historical background matters. But how easy is it to spend so much time researching and discussing who wrote a book, when, and to whom—while the book’s essential message goes unexamined and thus unheeded? As Peter Adam once recounted, “I well remember a series at school on the missionary journeys of St Paul, which told us a great deal about the geography of the Mediterranean, but nothing about Paul’s theology” (Speaking God’s Words, 110).

So DeRouchie and his team cover the historical background—in a single page for each book. Then they spend the bulk of their survey on the text’s content and message, summarized in 3 to 6 bullet points. For example, contributor Kenneth J. Turner writes that “The author of Exodus:

• Portrayed the continuing fulfillment of Yahweh’s promises and mission.
• Stressed Yahweh’s passion to be known by all in the world.
• Celebrated Yahweh’s power to redeem his people from slavery.
• Disclosed Yahweh’s gracious provision of his covenant with Israel.
• Called Israel to respond to Yahweh’s disclosure of himself and his will.”

Another unique trait of this book is the way DeRouchie chose to work through the Old Testament. Instead of following the typical OT order of 39 books found in English Bibles, DeRouchie and his team examine the Old Testament the way it would have been known to Jesus: 24 books arranged in 3 divisions: Law, Prophets, and Writings.

With an intro to each of the three divisions, and a separate overview of the flow of the Hebrew ordering, DeRouchie masterfully explains the majesty and beauty of the entire collection. For example:

• In the Law, the Old Covenant is established.
• In the Prophets, the Old Covenant is enforced.
• In the Writings, the Old Covenant is enjoyed.

This way of examining the OT brings out significant observations and ideas often missed in the English ordering:

• The Prophets begin with God calling Joshua to be careful to do all that “Moses my servant” commanded (Josh 1:7-8). And they end with Yahweh’s call in Malachi to “remember the law of my servant Moses” (Mal 4:4).
• The Prophets (Josh 1:8) and Writings (Ps 1:2) both open with commands to “meditate day and night” on God’s law.
• The Prophets (second division) have two sub-divisions: narrative (Josh, Judg, Samuel, Kings) and commentary (Jer, Ezek, Is, The Twelve). Altogether, they paint a bleak picture of rebellious Israel’s condition.
• The Writings (third division) also have two sub-divisions, the reverse of the Prophets: commentary (Ruth, Ps, Job, Prov, Eccl, Song, Lam) and narrative (Dan, Esther, Ez-Neh, and Chronicles). Altogether, the Writings paint a positive picture of faithful Israel’s life and hope.

That last point strikes me as being remarkably significant. One of my struggles in reading the Old Testament annually is ending with the gloomy assessment of the Prophets. But if I read the books in this Hebrew order, the Writings actually provide much more hope and encouragement for life as part of the believing remnant.

Finally, moving beyond the bounds of even the Old Testament, DeRouchie’s introductory essay makes a compelling argument for the following summary of the entire Bible’s message: God’s kingdom through covenant for God’s glory in Christ. He subdivides “covenant” into the tripartite structure of the OT: covenant established, enforced, and enjoyed. He then proposes a corresponding tripartite identity for Jesus Christ in the NT: Christ the savior, sovereign, and satisfier.

This is big-picture, main-point thinking at its finest.

Where It Could Be Better

The analyses of some OT books are better than others. The biggest weakness of this survey is that it doesn’t spend enough time on literary structural analysis to derive the bullet points for each book’s message. I can see how some contributors derived their assigned book’s message from its literary structure and argument (for example, Dempster on Genesis, DeRouchie on Deuteronomy, Miller on Judges, Smith on Isaiah, and Curtis on Job). But for some other contributors, I can’t tell as easily whether the proposed outline of the book’s message is truly what the OT author really cared about.

But this weakness is not debilitating, as every contributor clearly traces his proposed message through the detailed peaks and valleys of the text itself.

How to Use this Book

What the Old Testament Authors Really Cared About would make a fine addition to any personal library. I plan to use it any time I’m preparing a book overview for an OT book.

This book would also make a marvelous text for an OT survey class. It’s probably too much for a Sunday School, but it would be great for a high school or college Bible class.

I recommend it highly. It’s available at Amazon.

If you’re wondering how academic this book is, or whether the language might be above you or your class, check out this video of DeRouchie explaining the Old Testament’s message in 10 minutes. If you like the video, you’ll love the book.

https://vimeo.com/85894785

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