Another Take on the Definition of “Vanity” in Ecclesiastes

Ecclesiastes is a very difficult book to understand, yet it rewards great effort and careful thought. One of the major challenges, however, is to grasp even a bare definition of the book’s most important word. The main versions translate the word as vanity, futility, or meaninglessness. All of these options have real downsides.

From my analysis of the text’s own use of the word in chapter 1, I arrived at the following definition: “Unsatisfying, endless repetition of old things that nobody will remember; nothing you do will last, and at the end you die. And you can’t fix it.” The biggest problem with that definition is that it would never work as a translation. You can’t insert two sentences (with one of them being a run-on) into the text every time the word appears.

So I’ve appreciated Kevin Carson’s approach, to define the word as frustratingly enigmatic. If you want just one word for it, take your pick: Frustrating? Enigmatic?

Now here comes Bobby Jamieson with another fabulous option:

The fact that life’s goods are all fleeting is certainly part of their problem. But to say that hevel means “fleeting” doesn’t go far enough. It doesn’t fully capture Qohelet’s basic beef with life under the sun.

What does? “Absurd.”

This word names the disconnect between what we want and what the world gives, between what we deserve and what the world returns, between what we cry out for and the world’s indifferent silence.

Remember, the Bible’s original languages are not like a technical code to crack. So it’s not the case that there’s only one “right” way to translate this Hebrew word in Ecclesiastes. There are a number of options that could work well in English that do better justice to the book’s argument than “vanity” or “meaninglessness.”

So I encourage you to read Jamieson’s article to find out why “absurd” might be another simple way to capture the idea that took me two sentences to define.

Check it out!