Helping ordinary people learn to study the Bible
Paul Tripp is a master of Bible application. In this brief conversation with J.D. Greear he considers the implications of James 4:2-3 on our prayer lives, especially in light of the sovereignty of God to do all his will. Why should we still pray, when God already knows what he’s going to do?
The majority of people who start a read-through-the-Bible-in-a-year plan don’t ever make it to the book of Numbers. They breeze through Genesis and Exodus, hit the quicksand of Leviticus, and give up.
Additionally, Numbers is not a popular book for personal devotions, small group study, or sermons. I think the census that kicks off the book (so many, well, numbers) makes many think this book is little more than a population registry.
But Numbers is packed with interesting and important narratives and instruction. In fact, a great deal of the action in the history of Israel between Mount Sinai and the promised land occurs in Numbers. (Much of it is also retold in Deuteronomy.)
Sure, Numbers has some difficult, slower passages. But the book as a whole is far from a slog. And since all of God’s word is valuable, we systematically neglect a portion of it to our harm.
Most church-goers know that Israel wandered in the wilderness for 40 years after coming out of Egypt. Do you know why? After all, it didn’t take that long just to walk from the Red Sea to Canaan.
The answer can be found in Numbers 13–14. You may remember that Moses sent spies to scope out the promised land. When they reported back, they described a fruitful land—but with strong people and fortified cities (Num 13:27–28). Most of the spies concluded that Israel would not be able to go up against these people (Num 13:31). This led the people to despair and look back with fondness at their bondage in Egypt.
Caleb and Joshua were the only spies who believed that God would give the Israelites victory in the land (Num 14:6–9). The people tried to stone these two men in anger. And God became furious (Num 14:11–12).
Moses begs God to forgive his people. But God still delivers consequences for sin. A whole generation must die in the wilderness because of this faithlessness (Num 14:31–35).
If you skipped from Exodus to Joshua, you’d be surprised to find that Moses did not make it to Canaan. The man who spoke so frequently and intimately with God was not the one who led Israel into the promised land. Why not?
During a time in their journey, Israel had no water to drink and blamed Moses and Aaron (Num 20:2–5). These two leaders took the problem to the Lord, and God provided a solution (Num 20:6–9).
Moses struck the rock before him twice with his staff, and water gushed out. The people drank. But Moses was told to speak to (not hit) the rock, and God was not pleased with this disobedience. Moses may have thought striking the rock was the right way to go, as that solution had worked earlier in the journey (see Exodus 17:6). However, God told both Moses and Aaron that they had not upheld him as holy before the people, and therefore they would not be entering the promised land (Num 20:12). Aaron died shortly thereafter (Num 20:28).
Why are these two incidents (the spies giving a bad report and Moses striking the rock) such a big deal to God? One of the reasons I’m encouraging you to read and study the book of Numbers is to answer that question for yourself! In the context of the book, you can see why these sins were so terrible and why they warranted such swift and steep judgment.
In addition to these two major historical judgments, there are several other passages in Numbers that resonate throughout the Bible.
In Numbers 21, God judged the people by sending fiery serpents among them. Moses delivered the afflicted by making a bronze serpent—whoever looked at this figure would live (Num 21:4–9). Jesus refers to this incident in his conversation with Nicodemus (John 3:14).
Later in that same chapter of Numbers, Israel defeats two kings: Sihon and Og. These battles are not referenced in the New Testament, but they appear scattered throughout the Old Testament as evidence of God’s deliverance from powerful kings. (See, for example, Psalm 135:11 and Psalm 136:19.)
In Numbers 27, Joshua was commissioned as the leader to succeed Moses. This was the first change in national leadership of Israel. Memorably, the episode with Balaam’s donkey also occurs in Numbers, in chapter 22.
Finally, the most famous benediction in the Bible appears in Numbers chapter 6. If you’ve been in church at all, you’ve likely heard those beautiful words: “The Lord bless you and keep you…” (See Num 6:24–26.)
The book of Numbers is crucial for understanding the way God works with his people. I’ve only given a brief description of the passages and events above; we need to study them in context to grasp what’s going on.
When you’re next looking for a book of the Bible to read or study, I heartily recommend Numbers—especially if you haven’t gone through it recently. Like all of God’s word, it will richly repay your careful attention.
There’s a joke in here somewhere about a mathematician (me) urging people toward numbers, but I can’t quite access it.
My two-year-old son David has entered the stage where he’s quite the chatterbox. As soon as I get home from work, he’ll happily tell me everything that’s on his mind. Here’s an only-mildly-edited recent quote: “David and Mama and Jimmy go to the pool and I SPLASH in the pool and Mama splash David in the pool and I have green ball in the pool and… and SPLASH SPLASH SPLASH green ball in the pool. Daddy, may I have please go to the pool now?”
So here’s your quiz: what’s on David’s mind?
How did you know?
While usually not quite as pervasive as the rambling thoughts of toddler, one of the easiest techniques to use in doing good Bible study is that of observing repeated words and themes. Authors didn’t have bold and italics back then, so a common way to emphasize a point was to repeat it multiple times. It’s like saying, “Hey, don’t miss this!”
One of my favorite passages that makes generous use of repeated words is Amos 4. Consider these verses:
[6] “I gave you cleanness of teeth in all your cities, and lack of bread in all your places, yet you did not return to me,” declares the LORD.
[7] “I also withheld the rain from you when there were yet three months to the harvest; I would send rain on one city, and send no rain on another city; one field would have rain, and the field on which it did not rain would wither; [8] so two or three cities would wander to another city to drink water, and would not be satisfied; yet you did not return to me,” declares the LORD.
[9] “I struck you with blight and mildew; your many gardens and your vineyards, your fig trees and your olive trees the locust devoured; yet you did not return to me,” declares the LORD.
[10] “I sent among you a pestilence after the manner of Egypt; I killed your young men with the sword, and carried away your horses, and I made the stench of your camp go up into your nostrils; yet you did not return to me,” declares the LORD.
[11] “I overthrew some of you, as when God overthrew Sodom and Gomorrah, and you were as a brand plucked out of the burning; yet you did not return to me,” declares the LORD.
(Amos 4:6-11 ESV, emphasis mine)
Note how often the phrase, “yet you did not return to me,” declares the LORD, comes up. That’s the author’s (and God’s) way of saying, “This is really important! This is what I want you to do!”
Another repeated theme is the varied forms of judgment. The LORD is deliberately using all kinds of pain to get the attention of Israel so they might return to Him: starvation, dehydration, frustrated work, disease, defeat in battle, death, and even fire from heaven! Sadly, it seems that Israel persisted in running from Him time and again. It’s repeated often so we wouldn’t miss the repeated theme – even though Israel did.
Want to try looking for more repeated words and themes?
Andrea Crocker has a fine piece on her blog reminding us that the word of God is more reliable.
I would guess that most readers of this blog will quickly assent to these abstract statements. But when it comes down to it, do we live as though they are true. Let Crocker’s insights provoke you to greater love for Christ and his word.
Many thanks to everyone who participated in this year’s 90-day Bible reading challenge! And again, many thanks to Lifeway for sponsoring the grand prize of a five-volume CSB Reader’s Bible. This year we had 25 entries that met the qualifications for the drawing. And the winners are:
More than half of this year’s entries read the Bible in canonical order. The next most common reading order was chronological.
15 folks read the ESV. The second most common translation was HCSB. And one person read the 1560 Geneva Bible!
Here’s what some folks had to say about the experience:
It was a different experience. I am used to reading the Bible in a year. I plan to read this way more frequently, as it helps to relate texts to others, but I prefer to read at a lower speed.
It added so much context and meaning when I would read about the history of Israel’s kings one day and then the next day read about the prophets and prophecies that applied to them. It added a lot of context that I am usually missing when I read the prophets. Furthermore, reading quickly allowed me to notice more of the quotations and allusions of the Old Testament in the New Testament.
I enjoyed it immensely. Some passages like Proverbs were difficult to read through so quickly but Job, for instance, makes a lot more sense when read in large chunks. Elihu’s speech, for example, shows up in stark contrast to the others this way.
I would say overall I enjoyed it. It helped me to see the bible as one book as opposed to many smaller ones. It gave me a better idea of God’s overarching story. It also surprised me how much I liked certain books I disliked the last time I did this. I guess that’s why you always keep rereading?
5th year in a row! The Holy Spirit is still showing me themes I don’t think I would see without doing this each year.
Thanks again to all for participating. I trust it was profitable even for those who found it difficult or uncomfortable. May the Lord use this time of saturation in his word to influence the rest of this unusual year for the sake of his kingdom.
Today is your last chance to enter the drawing for a reader’s Bible! Winners will be notified by the end of this week. See here for official rules. Entries that do not follow the guidelines will not be accepted.
Recently, I’ve been writing about leading small group Bible studies. In particular, I’ve tried to help leaders minimize the chances that their questions fall to the ground in silence.
As a result, I’ve been thinking about the importance of questions. Aside from studying the Bible text itself, writing good questions may be the most important, difficult work of a Bible study leader.
I’ve created a worksheet which contains the fruit of this labor. My hope is that some small group leaders may find this helpful as they write questions for their groups. (In the future, you can find a link to this worksheet on our Resources page.)
At the top of the worksheet, there is space to write the main point of the passage under consideration. This can act like a compass for all question writing; most questions will either lead to the main point or flow from it.
The largest section of the worksheet is the space to write discussion questions. On the right side of the page, I have listed the characteristics of a good question, about which I have written previously. I have found this helpful in my own study preparations—having these qualities nearby is a great reminder.
Finally, I have space at the bottom of the sheet for a study leader to work on a launching question. Though this usually begins a small group meeting, I frequently write it last because I want to get a sense of the whole discussion before thinking about how to kick it off. The characteristics of a good launching question are taken from Peter’s first post on the issue and a follow-up that I wrote.
At Knowable Word, we aim to help ordinary people learn to study the Bible. I offer this worksheet to small group leaders as a tool for your work bench.
Though we can’t pinpoint the precise year or month of Habakkuk’s writing, we know he delivered his brief book of prophecy near the end of the southern kingdom of Judah, probably before (or some of it very shortly after) Nebuchadnezzar’s first assault in 605 BC. Habakkuk’s book is unique among the prophets in that it doesn’t present a series of speeches for the general public. Instead, it records Habakkuk’s own wrestling in dialogue with the God of Israel.
The book has two explicit headings, marking two main sections:
In the first main section, we can follow the subsections by observing the pronouns and direction of the dialogue:
In the second main section, we can distinguish stanzas based on the shifts between first person (I, me) and second/third person (you, God) pronouns:
Habakkuk’s first question (Hab 1:2-4) could be paraphrased as either “When will they change?”—referring to the people of God behaving wickedly—or “When will you change, God?”—so as to not allow your people to continue in evil. In either case, Habakkuk sees destruction and violence, where he expects to see God’s law and justice. The result is an unacceptable perversion.
Yahweh’s answer (Hab 1:5-11) is so utterly unbelievable, that he expects Habakkuk to be astounded by it (Hab 1:5). He will, in fact deal with his people’s violence. And he will do it by bringing an even more violent and godless nation against them. In other words, the answer is neither that God’s people will change nor that God himself will change. The answer is that Habakkuk’s situation will change, and much for the worse.
This provokes Habakkuk’s second question (Hab 1:12-2:1), which is more of a protest. Habakkuk appeals to God’s eternity (“Are you not from everlasting?”), holiness (“my Holy One”), and covenant promises (“We shall not die”)—all in his opening verse (Hab 1:12). He trusts that God is in control by the word of his power (“you have ordained them…established them”). He appeals also to God’s righteous purity (Hab 1:13) and jealousy to be worshiped (Hab 1:16). So Habakkuk believes that God would not be true to his nature if he simply lets the Chaldeans have their way. Surely this cannot be a permanent state of affairs (Hab 1:17). Habakkuk stands in confidence to see how God will receive his protest (Hab 2:1).
Yahweh’s second answer covers quite a lot of ground. He assures Habakkuk that things will certainly change—but not until well into the future (Hab 2:2-3). He calls the righteous—in this case, Habakkuk—to trust his promise, even when everything looks and feels awful (Hab 2:4-5). Then he speaks of a time when all evildoers, everywhere, will be upended. He does this by pronouncing five curses on the wicked (Hab 2:6-8, 9-11, 12-14, 15-17, 18-20) and highlighting two stark conclusions:
The larger point of God’s responses to Habakkuk is that neither God himself nor the people around Habakkuk are the ones who must change. The one thing that must change is Habakkuk himself. The book’s chief question is: Will Habakkuk respond to God’s word with a heart of trust, even if it means things will get terrifyingly disastrous in the process?
Habakkuk 3 provides the answer to the book’s main question: Yes! Yes, he will. And in so doing, he shows all who come after him what it looks like to have faith in God’s righteous and holy promises.
In the first stanza (Hab 3:2), Habakkuk confesses that there is something even more fearful than an attacking Babylonian horde; it is the work of God to rectify all that is wrong. Habakkuk’s hope is no longer that wrath will not befall the people of the land, but that in the midst of such wrath Yahweh will not forget to show mercy. Habakkuk clings to God’s promise to make everything right once again, though it may yet be long in the future.
The second stanza (Hab 3:3-15) could easily be further subdivided into a third-person stanza (Hab 3:3-7 – he/his) and a second-person stanza (Hab 3:8-15 – you/your). But for the sake of this book overview, they stand together as a lengthy reflection on the splendor and power of Yahweh to do what he says he will do. He is not only able, but also willing, to do whatever he must to both save his people and crush his enemies (Hab 3:13).
In the third stanza (Hab 3:16-19), Habakkuk confesses how terrifying it is to live between promise and reality, to live by faith (Hab 3:16). Yet he chooses to stand fast in faith, finding joy in God’s salvation and strength in God alone. No matter how much everything around him falls to pieces (Hab 3:17-19).
When the Apostle Paul was looking for a banner to wave, a motto to rally under, for introducing the glorious good news of Christ’s righteousness available through faith, he could find nothing more suitable than Habakkuk 2:4: “The righteous shall live by faith” (Rom 1:17). That’s not because he needed a tweetable phrase from a random Old Testament text. It’s because that phrase captures the entire thrust of Habakkuk’s book of prophecy.
This is what it means to live by faith: We cannot change our circumstances. We cannot change the people around us. And we cannot coerce change from God. But, especially when our knees knock and our lips quiver, the one thing that must change is us. We can bank everything on the God who is both willing and able to do all he has said he will do. So in faith we look back on the death and resurrection of his Son (Rom 1:16-17). And in faith we also look forward, through whatever suffering and trial we now face, to see faith’s founder and perfecter (Heb 10:36-39, 12:1-3).
This post is part of a series of interpretive overviews of the books of the Bible.
I really appreciate Mike Leake’s reflection on the nature of spiritual doubt and how it ought not get in the way of our Bible study. Perhaps your doubt has so terrified that you that you’ve sought to shoot or strangle it instead of allowing it to motivate your wrestling with God’s words.
Truth is never scared of a microscope. If something is true then it’s true down to it’s very core. You don’t have to be afraid to ask difficult questions.
If you conduct your ministry primarily in Spanish, or you know someone who does, you may want to know that a number of our blog posts have been translated into Spanish. We keep that list updated as more translated posts are published. You can always find a link to that page at the bottom of our resources page.
I’m especially grateful to Kevin Halloran, who recently translated the post 10 Reasons to Avoid Sexual Immorality, from my series on Proverbs 1-9, for his blog Anchored in Christ.
