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Hebrews: A Sermon on Psalm 110

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Dennis Johnson explains something I’ve been considering for many years: Could the book of Hebrews be a transcribed sermon based on Psalm 110?

Many scholars have pointed out the fact that Hebrews is more sermon than letter (the author self-identifies his work as a “word of exhortation” – Heb 13:22, Acts 13:15). The funny thing is that references to Psalm 110 come up over and over again. Could it be that the sermon to the Hebrews was expositing the implications of that psalm for the new covenant community?

Check it out!

Don’t Be Embarrassed by the Cursing Psalms

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Have you ever come across those poems of cursing in the book of Psalms? Scholars call them “imprecatory psalms,” which just means that they contain requests for judgment on evil. And not a general judgment on a vague sense of evil, but a concrete and specific sort.

May his children be fatherless and his wife a widow! (Psalm 109:9)

Arise, O LORD! Save me, O my God! For you strike all my enemies on the cheek; you break the teeth of the wicked. (Psalm 3:7)

Let their way be dark and slippery, with the angel of the LORD pursuing them! (Psalm 35:6)

It is quite common to find psalmists asking God to judge their enemies in such ways. Many have struggled with these psalms, such as C.S. Lewis, who believed them full of “vindictive hatred” (Reflections on the Psalms).

Here’s the question: Are such psalms opposed to Jesus’ instructions to love our enemies and pray for our persecutors? Do such prayers of cursing represent an older way of selfish thinking that has been reversed by the coming of the new covenant? And what should Bible teachers or Bible study leaders do when we come to such psalms in our study or teaching?

Daniel R. Hyde addresses these questions and more in this thorough piece on the imprecatory psalms. Hyde writes particularly to preachers, but his insights apply easily to any teacher or small group leader as well. According to Hyde:

Imprecations in the Psalms are not an embarrassment to be managed. They are part of the Scriptures that “bear witness” to “the things concerning” Jesus (John 5:39; Luke 24:27; 24:44). If these prayers make us uncomfortable, that discomfort is no reason to avoid or edit them—it’s a reason to learn how to preach them. As Elizabeth Achtemeier said, “If we have some problem with a passage in the Old Testament, it is not the Bible’s problem. It is ours.” The question is not whether Christians may pray for God’s justice, but how.

Hyde shows us that the imprecatory psalms enable us to hand justice over to God so we’re not tempted to execute it ourselves. He gives three reasons why God gave us the cursing psalms.

  1. They hand vengeance to God
  2. They teach the church to long for the kingdom
  3. They form the whole person before God

He goes on to explain to go about teaching these psalms in a Christian context. In the face of great evil, do not deprive yourself of the one weapon (prayer) God has given you to directly resist it. Hyde’s counsel is well worth your time.

Check it out!

Quoting Scripture Contrary to Its Purpose is Devilish

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Temptation of Christ (1663), Philips Augustijn Immenraet, public domain

Have you ever tried to hammer a nail with a hand saw? When was the last time you flipped a pancake with a whisk?

Using tools or utensils for unintended purposes just doesn’t work.

Context Matters

When it comes to the Bible, proper usage is even more important, because we are dealing with God’s word.

We have devoted many articles on this blog to the importance of context in the Bible. We have called attention to numerous examples of the proper use of Scripture, respecting the location of phrases and verses within paragraphs, chapters, and books.

But we can learn through both positive and negative examples. So today, we’ll look at a Bible quotation used out of context. And we won’t just look at any example, we’ll look in the Bible itself at an example of the misuse of Scripture.

The Temptation of Jesus

After Jesus is baptized, he is led by the Spirit to be tempted by the devil (Matthew 4:1). Jesus rebuffs Satan’s three-part temptation by quoting the Bible at each turn. (This narrative is found in both Matthew 4:1–11 and Luke 4:1–13. I’ll use Matthew’s version.)

This section of Scripture is often used to illustrate the value of knowing the Bible. Memorizing God’s word is a mighty tool in resisting temptation. This is all very good.

But in one of Satan’s temptations, he quotes the Bible, and that is worth exploring.

Then the devil took him to the holy city and set him on the pinnacle of the temple and said to him, “If you are the Son of God, throw yourself down, for it is written, ‘He will command his angels concerning you,’ and ‘On their hands they will bear you up, lest you strike your foot against a stone.’”(Matthew 4:5–6)

The devil cites Psalm 91:11–12 and, taken as quoted, the verses are compelling. God seems to promise protection in angelic form, without a qualification in sight. If we stick to Satan’s words, his case is persuasive.

Exploring Psalm 91

Jesus’s reply to the devil is simple, coming straight from Deuteronomy 6:16.

Jesus said to him, “Again it is written, ‘You shall not put the Lord your God to the test.’” (Matthew 4:7)

How exactly is what Satan offers a test of God?

Instead of a blanket promise of safety, Psalm 91 is about God’s protection for those who seek their shelter in him. This thread runs throughout the psalm.

  • It is he who “dwells in the shelter of the Most High” that will “abide in the shadow of the Almighty” (Psalm 91:1).
  • The psalmist replies to this promise by calling God “My refuge and my fortress, my God in whom I trust” (Psalm 91:2).
  • The psalmist says that “Because you have made the Lord your dwelling place,” “no evil shall be allowed to befall you” (Psalm 91:9–10, emphasis mine).
  • God says, “Because he holds fast to me in love, I will deliver him; I will protect him, because he knows my name” (Psalm 91:14).
  • Finally, this “holding fast” to God takes a specific form: “When he calls to me, I will answer him; I will be with him in trouble; I will rescue him and honor him” (Psalm 91:15).

Psalm 91 does not offer a safety net to rescue everyone from the consequences of reckless behavior. Rather, God promises his protection to those who make him their dwelling place. To those who call to him. To those who hold fast to him in love.

Consider the Text

In the title of this article, I claim that the quoting of Scripture contrary to its purpose is devilish. I mean, very simply, that this is a tactic of the devil.

Not everyone who quotes Scripture in this way is evil or is possessed by a demon. But we should be sobered as we observe this strategy. The Bible can be used as a tool to accomplish evil purposes. The words of God are not a magical incantation of righteousness.

This understanding should affect the way we listen to sermons, digest proof texts, and read theological arguments. Let’s give ourselves to a careful study of the Bible, that we might recognize and avoid this devilish error.

This was originally posted in 2020.

God’s Majesty on Earth in Psalm 8

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I think you’ll find much benefit in this brief study of Psalm 8 by Daniel Stevens. Stevens models many great OIA principles, such as:

Here is a taste:

What I want us to pay attention to as we look at this passage is first the framing of it, how we begin and end with the same words, “Oh LORD, our Lord, how majestic is your name in all the earth!” This is ultimately, first and foremost, a psalm of praise for the majesty of God. Within that, however, we’re going to find sets of contrasts and possibly even a story that moves along. When we look at the first stanza, and indeed the second and the third, what we’re going to want to see is the ways in which contrasts are used to show God’s glory and his kindness to us. In the first we find the high and the low, the great and the small. His glory is above the heavens. We are brought into the realm of all of the cosmos, the stars in the sky, and his strength is in the mouth of babies and infants. The grand stars of the heavens and the smallest infant, both together show the glory of God.

Check it out!

How to Increase Your Love for God’s Word

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The Bible’s longest chapter (Psalm 119) is all about inflaming love for God’s word. Kenneth Berding recently studied that chapter with a view to synthesizing what the Bible itself says about how to foster love for the Bible. Berding came up with ten practices.

Here are the first five:

  1. Regularly praise God for giving you his Word.
  2. Pray that God will teach you as you read.
  3. Consciously engage your affections.
  4. Think about the benefits of God’s Word in your life. Consider ways God has changed you through his Word.
  5. Connect your love for God himself—including his attributes—to loving his Word.

Berding shows each of these habits from the text of Psalm 119. He then gives 5 more ways you, too, can increase your love for the scripture.

Check it out!

Use Context to Resist Satan

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J.A. Medders reflects on the fact that the devil hates context. He’ll quote scripture but ignore what’s present right in the immediate context. We should make sure we don’t do the same. (My co-blogger Ryan once made a similar point.) In fact, by employing context in our Bible study, we’ll be better equipped to resist the wiles of Satan.

The devil took Psalm 91:11–12, applied it to Jesus, and left out the context. And here’s why: verse 13 is an allusion, reminder, and reinforcement of the promise God made in Genesis 3:15. There in the garden of Eden, as sin rippled through the universe, the devil heard his doom—someone would be born who would crush his head. And his name is Jesus of Nazareth, the Son of God. He didn’t want to think about Jesus and verse 13.

Check it out!

The Psalms as Lament for Exile and Praise for a Return

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This wonderful piece by Nicholas Piotrowski summarizes the entire book of Psalms, showing that this collection of poems was intentionally organized to lament Israel’s exile and praise God for her return. In the process, the book generates hope for a future glorious return of God’s people through a new, resurrected David.

Here is a taste:

…while psalms attributed to David decreased over books 3 and 4, his psalms are back in force in book 5. Psalms 108–110, 122, 124, 131, 133, and Psalms 138–145 are all ascribed to David. The emphasis that emerges is that “the answer to the problem of exile is David.” Having been laid “in the dust” at the end of book 3 (Ps. 89:39), David is now literarily back from the grave.

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The Psalms are Worth Enjoying

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The Psalms are some of the most engaging and beautiful poems in the history of literature. In his piece, “How to Enjoy the Psalms Even More,” Jacques Nel gives five suggestions to help you delight in these songs of Zion.

  1. Savor the imagery.
  2. Pay attention to the arrangement of the book.
  3. Look for structure.
  4. Contemplate parallelism.
  5. Sing the Psalms.

These are some great idea worth considering. Check it out!

4 Psalms You May Not Have Realized Were About Christ

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Last week, I shared an article by Christopher Ash about Jesus as the lead singer of the psalms. I can’t help but follow up this week with another article by Ash entitled, “4 Psalms You Didn’t Realize Point to Christ.”

Ash considers:

  • Psalm 1 – the man who meditates constantly on God’s word
  • Psalm 6 – the innocent sufferer who can drive evildoers away
  • Psalm 109 – perhaps the harshest of the psalms of cursing against the wicked
  • Psalm 145 – perpetual praise offered to the Lord

All four psalms only make real sense if Jesus Christ is the lead singer.

Check it out!

In the Psalms, Jesus is the Lead Singer

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Christopher Ash explains how the Psalms were intended to be read from a Christ-centered perspective.

Perhaps the greatest blessing of a Christ-centered reading is that it frees me from being imprisoned into thinking that the Psalms are all about me. No, they are not all about me! They are all about Jesus Christ in his flawless human nature and his incomparable divine nature. They revolve around Jesus, who sang the Psalms as a significant part of his life of faith and prayer and praise on earth.

I remember seeing on the wall of a church the words of Psalm 20:4: “May [the Lord] grant you your heart’s desire and fulfill all your plans!” How wonderful, you might think. The Bible promises me all that my heart desires. Until you read the psalm and realize that Psalm 20 is a prayer for the king in David’s line. Ultimately, it is a prayer that Jesus will have his heart’s desire granted and that his plans will be fulfilled. And they will!

The Psalms are not all about me. If I think they are, I will end up disillusioned. But when I grasp that they are all about Christ, my heart lifts in joy that he is the blessed Man and I belong to him.

That is but one of the blessings of reading the Psalms in light of the fact that Jesus is lead singer. The other blessings are:

  1. You can sing in tune with the gospel.
  2. You can sing every line of every song.
  3. You can sing for joy in Jesus.

Check it out!