Knowable Word

Helping ordinary people learn to study the Bible

Copyright © 2012–2025 DiscipleMakers, except guest articles (copyright author). Used by permission.

You are here: Home / Archives for Reviews

Discourse Analysis of the New Testament Writings: Profitably Intense

By

Discourse Anaylsis of the New Testament Writings, edited by Todd A. Scacewater, is an ambitious text that seeks to explain the structure and chief arguments of every book of the New Testament. I am grateful to Fontes Press for a complimentary copy given in exchange for an honest review.

Each book of the New Testament gets a chapter, where the contributor seeks to map out that book’s structure and chief arguments. Before doing so, however, each contributor takes a few pages to describe their methodology for “discourse analysis” (which is essentially the process of mapping out a book’s structure and chief arguments). A variety of contributors employ a variety of analytical methods, though many of them overlap, sharing the same theoretical influences.

But will this book help the ordinary believer in their Bible study?

Assessment

For many years, I have enthusiastically commended David Dorsey’s Literary Structure of the Old Testament as providing much help with the literary structures of every book of the Old Testament. I have long hoped for a companion volume to recommend that does a similar thing for the New Testament. Does Scacewater’s edition fulfill that role?

Yes and no.

Yes, it does complement Dorsey’s work — in that I can and will regularly reference this book when I seek to get a broad overview of an NT book. There is much insight here worth gleaning, and this book is well crafted to encourage us readers to dive back into the Scripture ourselves and continue to observe, observe, observe.

But sadly, no, it doesn’t complement Dorsey’s work — in that this book is clearly written with a strongly academic audience in mind. Dorsey is academically robust, yet still comprehensible to average Bible students. But the contributors to Scacewater’s work use a very high degree of technical terminology, both theological and grammatical, without defining terms. Many of them quote the Greek NT text without translating it. And they presume a high degree of background knowledge in the field of discourse analysis.

Therefore, I am happy to recommend this book as worthy of your time if you’re wishing to work hard and be stretched far. For a sample, see this reflection on the state of structural studies stimulated for me by the chapter on John’s gospel. But for most folks seeking to study the Scriptures, I will not be recommending this book as a matter of routine.

Finally, I’ll mention that one of the book’s endorsers, Stephen E. Runge, wrote of the varied approaches to discourse analysis demonstrated from chapter to chapter: “Some succeed more than others.” I heartily agree. Some of the contributions are not as clear as they could be in presenting a clear argument or distinct structure for some of the NT books. I found some others not especially helpful. But I find the chapters on the following NT books particularly strong and insightful: Matthew, Mark, Luke, John, Romans, Ephesians, Colossians, Hebrews, James, and 1 Peter. I would more quickly recommend Discourse Analysis to someone seeking help with one of those particular books. (And in the interest of full disclosure: I have not yet finished reading the book. I’ve made it through 1 Peter and believe that has given me enough exposure to write an accurate review. As I finish the remaining chapters, I may add to the list in this paragraph.)

You can find Discourse Analysis of the New Testament Writings on Amazon or directly through Fontes Press.

Amazon links are affiliate links. If you click them and buy stuff, this blog will receive a small commission at no extra cost to you. Thank you for your support.

ESV Panorama New Testament: Practical?

By

When I decide to review a product, it’s normally because I’ve already decided the product will be useful for Bible study. The ESV Panorama New Testament is a little different, however. While I was fascinated by the idea of this new product, I was pretty sure it wouldn’t work practically. But I wanted to see for myself.

What is it?

The ESV Panorama New Testament is an oversized printing of the full New Testament, appearing almost like a coffee table book. The font is the same size as a standard book, so a lot of text fits on each page. All of the standard extras are here (chapter and verse numbers, section headings, page numbers, and beginning and ending verse references in the top corners), but no additional study helps are present (cross references, footnotes, study notes, etc.). The idea is to get more of the Bible on each page spread so you can read or study large portions at a time without the distraction of page turns.

The promo video promises that this format “gives a wider perspective on the context of each passage.”

My Skepticism

Of course, I am all in favor of making it easier for people to keep context in mind as they read and study the Bible. But can a giant-sized book do that? I don’t know about you, but I generally don’t sit and read my coffee-table books for hours on end. They’re typically helpful for browsing or showing something off. But not for lengthy reading or careful literary analysis.

And yet I am deeply grateful to Crossway for their constant creativity in finding new and unexpected ways of delighting in God’s word. They have taken many risks, publishing things we just haven’t seen before, without assurance of dramatic sales. They rocked my world with their first reader’s Bible. And then the six-volume set? They took us to the third heaven, an experience that compelled not one but two reviews from me.

Since then, Crossway delighted us with many other glorious experiments. Scripture journals. Journaling Bibles. Reader’s gospels. But what about this coffee table monstrosity? I can imagine showing it off to people who visit my home, but not sitting and reading. Not attempting deep OIA study. Perhaps I’ll witness Crossway’s hull finally running aground on a deliciously ambitious but failed experiment.

What’s Good

I’ll begin with the good news, which is that it works. It really works. The video makes the book seem larger than it really is. And because of its thinness, it weighs very little and is not hard to hold on a lap. It lies quite flat on a desk or tabletop, and I had no trouble using it for extended reading.

There is something pretty remarkable about seeing the entire book of Colossians, to give one example, on a single page spread. The layout gives the reader permission to read and keep reading. I imagine that with repeated reading, repeated words and ideas would pop off the page, and this volume is well designed for marking up such things.

There is plenty of space in the margins, between columns, and at the bottom of the page for extensive annotations. And I am very grateful for the exclusion of study helps. This edition of the New Testament focuses you almost exclusively on the text itself. A lot of text at once. And the psychological effect of seeing so much text at once is truly remarkable.

What Could be Better

Ten of the New Testament books are too long for a single page spread. I appreciate that the typesetting for those books doesn’t simply run to the end of the margin and continue on the next page. Instead, they set up only complete chapters, such that whenever you turn a page, you’re always at the beginning of a new chapter on the left-hand side.

I applaud the self-consciousness here to avoid having a page end mid-thought or mid-sentence. And in some cases, it still works. For example, it is glorious to see the entire Sermon on the Mount (Matthew 5-7) on a single page spread. Perhaps this will help people read it as a single sermon. In addition, having each page break line up with a particular chapter break has another welcome effect, that of causing a variety in the amount of blank space at the bottom of each spread. All pages have plenty of space down there; because of the page break, some have even more than “plenty,” making this Bible even more likely to be useful as a markup Bible.

However, I’m disappointed that the primary factor in breaking each page is the chapter division. This intriguing volume could be even more successful at what it sets out to do if it simply discarded chapter and verse numbers (like a true reader’s Bible), and instead worked to put page breaks at more natural literary divisions (which are quite often not at our Bibles’ chapter breaks!).

The argument in favor of retaining chapter and verse numbers likely rests with the need to be able to find or reference specific passages. That need could be mitigated if the chapter and verse numbers were in the margins, outside the text block (like line numbers in a Shakespeare play), and if the paragraphing and page breaks were not so dependent on them.

Finally, if this Bible truly sets out to give a wider perspective on the context of each passage, I think it would do that better without section headings on each paragraph or group of paragraphs. Perhaps just a heading on each larger division, like those found in the Six-Volume Set, would be sufficient. But the sheer amount of text on each page spread makes this criticism far less urgent than in most other editions of the Bible.

Conclusion

I am pleasantly surprised by this edition. At this point, I can envision making great use of the ESV Panorama New Testament as a markup Bible for careful study. I plan to use it for this purpose for some time to come. At least, until they come out with a reader’s version (no chapter or verse numbers). Or if they make a whole-Bible version (including the Old Testament as well).

I really like what Crossway has done here, and I think the risk pays off handsomely. Do consider giving it a try. Available at Amazon.

Crossway sent me a complimentary review copy in exchange for an honest review. They didn’t even ask whether I expected to like it or not. Amazon links are affiliate links; if you take the risk of clicking them, this blog will receive a small commission, though not a handsome one.

Delightful Upgrade to Reading Plans in Logos 9

By

As I’ve made known numerous times, I am an avid daily user of Logos Bible Software. And the latest version made a significant upgrade to a feature I use more than almost anything else: reading plans. When I wrote my review of Logos 9, I wasn’t yet aware of the extent of the upgrade to reading plans. But now that I’ve been using it extensively for my new year’s speed-read of the Bible, I’d like to tell you about it.

Some of the upgraded reading plan features show up in the desktop app. But the most noticeable improvements are in the Logos mobile app. (In case you didn’t know, you can use Logos on both your desktop and mobile devices, and everything syncs perfectly between them.)

For this year’s Bible speed-read, I’m following a detailed chronological plan. I call it “detailed,” because it pays no heed to chapter divisions. It might give me a 3-verse chunk, followed by a 7-verse chunk, followed by a 16-chapter chunk, and so on. I’m currently in the gospels, and it’s really fun to read every parallel scene back to back to back. It really highlights how different each gospel’s account is, even of the same event!

My Logos reading plan handles this sort of plan (and any sort of plan, really) very, very well. I read most often on an iPad, and here is a sample screen shot.

That’s it. A very simple interface, with only the portion of text I want at the moment. Those buttons at the bottom allow me to move to the next text assignment (or previous one) with a tap. The new text will then replace the current text on the screen.

You’ll notice that I’ve gotten rid of all footnotes, verse and chapter numbers, and section headings. I adjust that setting one time, and it applies to all passages I read from that Bible (in this case, the ESV) until I choose to add them back in. Give me the text; just the text.

Finally, do you see the speaker icon in the top right? A few Bibles, such as the ESV, have an integrated audio version available in Logos. When I tap that icon, the audio Bible (Hear the Word ESV Bible read by David Cochran Heath) begins playing. The audio begins precisely with whatever text is at the top of the current screen, even if it’s not the beginning of a chapter (audio track). At the end of the selection, the audio automatically stops, even if it’s not the end of the chapter (audio track). If I tap the “next” button at the bottom before the audio stops (sometimes I have to just beat the last word), the audio will continue with the next passage in the plan.

And if all that weren’t enough, I most love what the audio Bible does in between the beginning and end of a passage. When the audio begins each verse, a pulsating golden circle appears around the first word of that verse in the text and flashes for a second. That way, if my eyes drift from alignment with the audio, I can realign them at the start of the next verse (and every subsequent verse). When a portion of Scripture is longer than a single screen, the text automatically shifts (almost like a page flip) when the audio advances past the visible page.

This combination of features makes it easier than ever for me to read/listen to my Bible on my iPad while, for example, using my treadmill each morning. It requires very little manual tapping and scrolling, and gives me a sustained audio feed with associated visual stimuli to follow along with.

I just wanted to rave about one more reason to consider looking into Logos 9.

Logos 9: From Bible Software to Ministry Management

By

For more than 4 years now, I have used Logos Bible Software nearly every day, without regret. My only potential for regret has to do with having gone without Logos for the prior 17 years of ministry. Just this week, the good people at Faithlife released the software’s new version, Logos 9. And as usual, it’s nearly unbelievable how much goodness they thought to stuff into this system.

If You’re New to Logos

Logos 9 still functions basically like a Bible analysis program crossed with a research library. I’ve explained how it works in my reviews of older versions. Especially see the first two reviews, were I explain how it works generally, and how it can help with your personal Bible study.

Everything I’ve said in reviewing older versions of Logos hold true. I can generate, in seconds, an exhaustive list of repeated words in the book of Acts, as I prepare to begin preaching through it. I can click on one of those words anywhere in Acts, and have all instances of it instantly highlighted for visual referencing. I can write my sermons in Logos, integrating it directly with the Bible passage without having to keep switching between programs. I can generate a reading plan for any part of the Bible (or any other book in my library), with any parameters for the plan’s length or how I want the text broken up. I can take courses on various topics or books of the Bible.

But let me now explain some of the new features in Logos 9 and how I am using them.

New Features

Logos 9 makes it easier to create reading plans for any Christian book. I buy almost all my Christian books in Logos, so that they will directly interface with the Scripture. So it’s nice to set up a reading plan, with dates and checkboxes, to map out a plan to get through a book in a defined time period. And while I could do this roughly in Logos 8, it now is streamlined for a better reading experience. The auto-generated reading plans used to end abruptly in the middle of a sentence or paragraph, and now they are better organized around chapter divisions.

Logos 9 now has a pretty amazing way to visualize charts. For example, I can search for every reference to the Apostle Peter in the book of Acts (note: this is not simply a word search for the name “Peter,” but a search for every reference to the character Peter, even if only in pronouns). Then with a single click, I can turn it into a bar chart to visualize how frequently Peter pops up over the course of the book.

Then I can do the same with respect to the Apostle Paul:

Does a cursory glance at those two charts suggest anything to you about how Luke’s focus shifts over the course of the book? Of course, we could identify that shift in focus by simply reading the book over and over. But in seconds, Logos gives me precise data, in a variety of attractive formats, and without having to count these observations myself.

Logos 9 has a wonderful new tool called the Bible Books Explorer, which gives me quite a bit of data at a glance. Timelines, author and audience info, major themes, etc. But what I love the most in this new tool is a quick way to visualize connections between Old and New Testaments. For example, here is a diagram showing which OT books Luke directly quotes in either his gospel or the book of Acts.

And I could click on any of the specific books to generate either a list of which verses in Luke-Acts quote the OT, or a list of which OT verses are being quoted. I could make similar diagrams/passage lists not only for direct quotations, but also for simple allusions to OT texts, or for bare echoes of OT texts. Or I can make a single diagram/passage list for all of them combined!

A Place for Ministry Management

While those features (and many others I could list for you) are pretty cool and really useful to my study, the biggest new features have more to do with providing a place to manage my ministry.

Logos 8 introduced the sermon editor, which basically added a word processor that was interconnected with the Bible. So, for example, I can simply type a verse reference (such as “Acts 1:1-8), and the Logos sermon editor will automatically paste the full text of those verses into my sermon notes if I want.

But in Logos 9, the sermon editor has morphed into a sermon manager. It still has the full word processing capabilities and interconnectivity. But now it also has a place for me to map out an entire sermon series (like a set of lesson plans). I can sort sermons by series, venue, or date. I can view them in a table, or a radial calendar format, and have it all linked up with my church’s calendar or a liturgical calendar. I can click on any sermon’s title to open up the sermon notes themselves, and I can track which sermons have been preached at multiple locations.

This manager is a one-stop shop for planning out an entire teaching ministry. It doesn’t have to be focused on sermons, but would work just as well for any Bible study leader or Sunday school teacher and their teaching notes or lesson plans. This is simply wonderful.

Logos 9 has a similar new feature for a counseling or discipleship ministry. It has a Counseling Guide which can quickly suggest resources and Scripture passages on hundreds of topics, along with a place to keep track of and organize private notes.

Conclusion

With Logos 9, this software now does much to assist not only your personal Bible study but also your teaching or leadership of others in Bible study. I am delighted to commend it for your consideration. Keep in mind, though, that if you are already a commentary junkie, Logos might only accelerate your journey toward overdose. But if you have disciplined yourself to love and study the biblical text itself, inviting outside resources to join you as conversation partners and not personal trainers, Logos will serve you exceptionally well.

You might think it’s easy for me to say that, since Faithlife offered me a complimentary upgrade to Logos 9 in exchange for an honest review. But my review here is thoroughly honest. While my upgrades have come to me at no cost, I have deposited large amounts of money into shaping my Logos research library into just what I want it to be. And if I could go back to the beginning of my ministry knowing what I know now, I would absolutely have sought to raise the additional funds to provide myself with this inestimable tool.

They have made it easier than ever to benefit from this powerful software regardless of the size of your budget. You could spend thousands of dollars to squish a world-class theological research library into your pocket; or you could spend about $30 just to get access to some dizzyingly powerful study tools. Take your pick, or find something in between. I don’t think you’ll regret it. Check out Logos 9.

Literary Study Bible: Just Enough Help Without Distraction

By

Many study Bibles these days come with a whole lot of study and very little Bible. This is why we typically recommend them only as tools for research and not as personal Bibles. The temptation to rely on the notes is too challenging to overcome when the notes and comments dominate the page.

However, I’m pleased to introduce you to a resource that upends these tables: the ESV Literary Study Bible. This study Bible is almost all Bible, with just the right amount of nudging to assist your study. Though this resource has existed since 2007, Crossway just republished in in March 2020 with updating and fresh typesetting.

Why Another Study Bible?

There are so many study Bibles on the market. What might interest you in this one?

First, the thrust of this study Bible is the literary analysis of the Scripture. Precious few resources exist to help us understand the Bible as literature, and this one does just that quite well. There is very little comment on theological questions or matters of historical interest. You won’t find any word studies or interpretive debates here. What you will find instead is a brief literary analysis of every passage of the Bible. That is, instead of debating what the text means, the editors help you to see not only what is said but how it is said.

Second, the book introductions are fabulous. They provide some of the best book outlines I’ve seen in print. They also walk through the various literary devices and literary intentions of the book, setting readers up to study that book on their own.

Third, the commentary is brief. On average, each chapter of Scripture gets only one paragraph. And that commentary is placed before the text. The commentary’s chief purpose is to summarize the chapter and outline the literary genres and devices found within the text.

Fourth, the best part of this study Bible is that it never presents itself as having done your study for you. It clearly pushes the reader toward further study of the text. The introductions and commentary only nudge us in the right direction, expecting us to build on those observations as we pursue our study.

Weaknesses

This study Bible fills a particular niche (literary analysis), and thereby won’t provide you with a one-stop shop for Bible study.

Also, at times the literary analysis comes across as pedantic, offering many labels for various devices without ever advancing into the practical benefits of recognizing such devices. For example, in the Psalms, we confront an incessant repetition of the components of lament (cry to God, definition of the crisis, petition, statement of confidence in God, and vow to praise God). But at times these components are presented in such a dry, academic way, that we are never moved toward heartfelt lament along with the psalmist.

Conclusion

This study Bible will not help you with either interpretation or application. The help it provides stays exclusively in the realm of observation. And only a few parts of observation at that (structure and genre).

But such specialization enables this study Bible to do what it does with speed and efficiency, and then get out of the way. I happily recommend it to you.

You can see how the Literary Study Bible compares to other study Bibles, with respect to how they help or hinder OIA Bible study, in my study Bible buying guide.

Disclaimer #1: Crossway offered me a complementary copy of the Literary Study Bible in exchange for an honest review.

Disclaimer #2: Amazon links are affiliate links. Clicking them and making a purchase will provide a small commission to this blog at no extra cost to yourself.

The Final Days of Jesus

By

Despite the disruption and upheaval in the world, Easter is coming. Whether or not we can gather in person to worship, we will soon celebrate the resurrection of Jesus.

With that celebration in mind, I recently turned my attention to a book which has been on my shelf for a while: The Final Days of Jesus, by Andreas Köstenberger and Justin Taylor. The subtitle of the book says it all: “The Most Important Week of the Most Important Person Who Ever Lived.” (Be sure to read to the end of this article to see how to get a copy of this book for free, no strings attached.)

What’s Inside

In this book, the authors follow the chronology of Jesus’s final week on earth through the Biblical accounts. The book also includes several helpful aids, including maps, charts, and tables.

Each chapter of the book is devoted to a day of Jesus’s final week, and for each discrete scene or event, the authors first include the relevant Gospel texts. Consequently, a large portion of this book is simply Scripture. After the words of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and/or John we find related commentary. Sometimes this includes historical or cultural information to aid our understanding, and other times this includes an attempt to write a single narrative which is faithful to all of the available Gospel accounts. This is what is known as a harmonization. More on this in just a bit.

The book is simple in the best way. I did not get bogged down in technical textual study or overwhelmed by sophistated terms and phrases. Köstenberger and Taylor have executed well a straightforward mission: bring the reader along with Jesus in the final seven days of his life. The commentary is insightful and helpful, written for a lay audience.

Some of the more speculative or advanced scholarship is relegated to footnotes, and there is a generous reading list for those with deeper interests provided near the end of the book. The glossary and reference guide which close the book will also be helpful to a number of readers.

What About Harmonization?

My co-blogger Peter has written before about the dangers of harmonization. So, it’s worth asking: Do I recommend this book? Does it undermine the sort of Bible study we recommend and urge here at Knowable Word?

The authors of The Final Days of Jesus clearly value a unified account of Jesus’s journey to death and resurrection. But they also acknowledge the importance of each Gospel on its own. When addressing the question of why we have four accounts of Jesus’s life instead of just one, they write that the early church regarded these four accounts as four witnesses to one Gospel.

Like witnesses in the courtroom each recounting what they saw, using their own words and recalling events and statements from their unique perspective, the Gospel writers each tell us how they witnessed the unfolding story of Jesus (or in Mark’s and Luke’s case, how their firsthand sources did). This should in fact enhance our appreciation for the four biblical Gospels, not diminish it! Demonstrably, the four evangelists did not sanitize their accounts or somehow streamline them so as to make them artificially cohere; they were unafraid to tell the story of Jesus each in his own way, without fear of contradiction—because they were all witnessing to the one story of Jesus, the one gospel of our Lord Jesus Christ. (The Final Days of Jesus, page 17)

Köstenberger and Taylor also urge us to read the Gospels “vertically” as well as “horizontally.” A vertical reading treats each account as a self-contained story.

The other way to read the Gospels is horizontally, that is, how each relates to the others, as complementary accounts and witnesses to the same historical reality and set of statements and events. Refusing to supplement our vertical reading of the individual Gospels with a horizontal reading is tantamount to the ostrich policy of refusing to acknowledge that while the Gospels tell the same story, they don’t do so in exactly the same way. (The Final Days of Jesus, page 19)

Köstenberger and Taylor land with more emphasis on a horizontal reading than I would, but that does not diminish the value of their work. Their book shows that there are solid, reasonable answers to every question of contradiction that arises from comparing one Gospel to another.

This book will only undermine personal Bible study if you use it in a way it is not intended. The authors are not out to create a master text which will be studied instead of Matthew, Mark, Luke, or John. This book contains a lot of Scripture, but we should always take our study and our questions back to the Bible itself. Each Gospel author had a specific perspective, message, and audience in mind, and they included and excluded certain details and events accordingly. It is best to study the final week of Jesus’s life in the context of one of the four Gospels.

Get Yourself a Copy

At the time of this writing, Crossway has made the ebook of The Final Days of Jesus free to download. If you prefer a paperback version, you can visit Amazon or Westminster Bookstore. Crossway also has a free study guide and a free devotional guide available to accompany this book.

I recommend this book for anyone who wants to take a sustained look at Jesus’s final week. This work will show you that the four Gospels complement rather than contradict each other. The Bible gives a trustworthy, historical account of the central events of the Christian faith.

Disclosure: This post contains affiliate links, which means that the blog may receive a small amount of money/credit if you make a purchase after following that link.

Why I Love Journibles

By

This is a guest post by Angie Stanley. Angie lives in the Black Hills of South Dakota with her husband Isaac and her toddler daughter, serving at Calvary Baptist Church, where Isaac is the associate pastor. Angie has an increasing desire to help others grow in their confidence in studying Scripture for themselves; she blogs as a hobby at In the Meantime. She also reads, cooks, plays board games, and drinks coffee.

No matter how many times I’ve been instructed in the steps of Bible study — observe, interpret, apply — it still tends to feel like a complicated and confusing process that quickly overwhelms me: Have I made enough observations and asked enough questions to move on to interpretation? How do I know when I’m done with the interpretation step? What if I am totally off-base in how I interpreted this passage? Such questions haunted me every time I attempted to study a passage on my own and crippled my ability to move beyond the first few verses of the passage. Over and over again, I’d start studying a passage, only to get bogged down a few days later with “following the process.” I would quickly give up, defeated and discouraged to have once again failed to dig into the Word for myself without having to have my hand held the entire time.

And then I discovered Journibles. A Journible is simply an empty notebook dedicated to a book of the Bible (or to a collection of short books of the Bible) where you copy the exact text of Scripture on one side and jot your notes and questions on the other side. You could make the concept work with any blank notebook, or you can buy published Journibles with lightly-printed questions every few pages. Since I have begun using Journibles, I have felt much more confident in my own study of the Bible. Here’s why.

1. It slows me down

To copy a sentence word for word, I have to read the original sentence at least once, perhaps even two or three times, before the entire sentence has been completed. This process causes me to read each sentence multiple times; it also forces my brain to actually focus on each word as I read it. For example, when writing “In the beginning, God created the heavens and the earth” (Gen. 1:1), I have to specifically look at each word to ensure that I get it word-perfect: “I-n t-h-e b-e-g-i-n-n-i-n-g G-o-d c-r-e-a-t-e-d….” By the time the entire verse has been written out, I’ve had to read the verse several times.

2. Observations come to mind

Because I write much slower than my brain can read and think, my brain does a lot of processing while I write. So even as I’m write “I-n t-h-e b-e-g-i-n-n-i-n-g, G-o-d c-r-e-a-t-e-d…” my brain begins to make observations and ask questions about the phrase; only five words into the verse, I have already learned when creation happened (in the beginning), and who created (God).

Obviously these are very simplistic and basic observations, but it illustrates the point that the exercise of physically writing out a passage word for word presents a prime opportunity to observe details within the text. And here’s the secret: I hardly even realize that I’m asking questions and making observations! It just naturally happens because I’m simply taking a few moments to consider each word of the sentence.

Before I started using Journibles, I would ask questions because “I’m supposed to ask questions.” However, with Journibles, I now ask questions and make observations because I am genuinely interested in the particular question or observation that I have!

3. Themes jump out

Manually copying large passages of Scripture is conducive to noting key words and themes woven throughout the passage. For example, I recently copied the entire books of 1 and 2 Thessalonians. As I worked through these books one verse at a time, themes began to surface simply because I remembered copying words such as affliction, rejoicing/joy, unity, walk, and encourage elsewhere in the book. And so, Journibles once again aided me in the process of studying the Bible by helping me identify key words and themes.

4. Answers present themselves

Because Journibles are set up with one side of the page being designated for writing down questions/observations/other notes and the other side for copying the passage, each verse has ample space for jotting down questions and observations that come to mind. In turn, there is also space for noting any answers that may be found in the immediate context or in other parts of Scripture.

Because writing out a passage allows my brain time to process what it is reading, this approach lends itself to being attentive to answers to questions that may surface, even as I write. Consequently, this helps me move beyond only making observations of what is in the text to putting together some of the pieces of the puzzle concerning the intended meaning of the text.

5. They become references

The handy thing about Journibles (or simply using a notebook) is that the passage, along with correlating questions and observations, are all recorded together in one book. In the future, it is easy to pull out a particular Journible in order to reference particular questions, observations, or even answers that surfaced as I worked through a passage.

A Journible does not formally work through the entire observe-interpret-apply Bible study process, for in its essence, it is simply an empty notebook that is waiting to be written in. However, I have found this simple and reproducible method to be an effective tool in helping me dig into Scripture and grow in my confidence in studying it for myself.

Disclaimer: Amazon links are affiliate links. If you click them and buy stuff, you’ll enable this blog to continue publishing reviews, at no extra cost to yourself.

The Beginner’s Guide to the Bible

By

For a number of years, I’ve been impressed by the work of Jeffrey Kranz at his site OverviewBible. On the site, he has provided us with some of the most informative, concise, and visually appealing book overviews I’ve ever come across. Without sacrificing quality of scholarship or depth of insight, Kranz writes for ordinary people in a delightfully clear manner. If you want to get your bearings in one of the Bible’s books, and do so quickly and accurately, OverviewBible.com is a great place to start.

Kranz has now also published The Beginner’s Guide to the Bible, an ebook available on his website, to introduce you to the book of books in a way that will motivate you to go and read it. Having received a complimentary copy of the book from Kranz in exchange for an honest review, I am happy to report it is a smashing success.

Minor Haggling

Let me get a few things out of the way up front so I can move on to the good stuff.

First, you won’t be able to find the book anywhere but OverviewBible.com. You can’t buy it from Amazon; you won’t find reviews at Goodreads [Update: It’s now in the Goodreads database.]. But don’t let this fact put you off. This work is no hack job.

Second, I sadly found the book to have a number of typos in it. This could be an unfortunate byproduct of a low budget for self-publishing, and I hope Kranz remedies it soon. The typos distract from the otherwise high-quality presentation.

Major Reveling

Though this book aims at “beginners,” I had more fun with it than a youth group camping trip. In fact, the time and money for your next youth group camping trip might possibly be better spent on providing copies of this book to your students and meeting together to discuss it. (And don’t get me wrong: The book is not only, nor even primarily, for teenagers.)

Kranz writes in a plain, conversational style. He assumes zero knowledge of the Bible on the part of his readers. He explains what to make of this book, how to approach it, and what to expect from it. He doesn’t waste any of your time on Bible trivia, which has about as much impact on your life as any other sort of trivia. He directs his full attention to that which will give you the richest understanding of and insatiable hunger for the books of the Bible and their basic messages.

Kranz begins with the basics of what the Bible is, where it came from, and what it’s for (and not for).

He then summarizes what the Bible is about. In this second part of the book, Kranz defines “covenant” and walks through the four most significant covenants in the Bible: Abraham’s, Israel’s, David’s, and the New Covenant. Kranz unpacks rich theology in plain language, all to show that what the Bible is after more than anything else is a relationship with God. And Kranz shows how the ancients thought about relationships quite differently than we do today, which is why we must understand the concept of covenants.

Then the last two-thirds of the book contain a walkthrough of each of the Bible’s 66 books. Kranz explains the groupings of the books in the English Bible, the differences in genre between groupings, and the broad outlines of each book. He covers matters of author, audience, and purpose as appropriate, but he doesn’t get distracted by academic minutiae. And Kranz keeps his focus on observing and summarizing the text. He avoids getting into interpretive debates, and this approach maintains focus on the beginner, who should be able to gain a basic roadmap of the Bible without being expected to sign on to any particular theological tradition.

Though I’ve been a Christian most of my life, and I’ve been studying the Bible for many years, I really enjoyed reading this book. Kranz assumes no Bible knowledge on the part of the reader, yet he never speaks condescendingly or patronizingly. This gives his work an uncanny ability to both stimulate and satisfy.

Who It’s For

This book intentionally aims at the beginner. The person who has never read the Bible before, or who has tried and failed from confusion or boredom. The person who didn’t go to Sunday school or read the storybook Bibles. The person who doesn’t know whether Moses or Abraham came first, and who can’t remember whether “Israel” is a younger twin brother, a nation of twelve tribes, a political entity, or the northern part of a divided kingdom.

There is a man in my church who just put his faith in Christ in the last year. He’s a graduate student (so quite intelligent) from an Asian country (so unfamiliar with western culture and tradition). He never read the Bible before this, but now he can’t put it down. And yet, he finds so much of it confusing.

I recently told him I’ve found the perfect book for him. I really want him to read this book.

And I want you to read this book, if you struggle to read the Bible. Because the greatest commendation I can give to Kranz’s book is that he doesn’t want you to camp out with his book. His book glories in another Book, and I don’t think you can finish Kranz’s book without a piqued interest in God’s book. Even if you’re not yet sure that it’s God’s book.

Check this book out. Give it to your friends who are just getting to know the Bible. Keep it in mind for seekers or new believers. Discuss it with your neighbors who think the Bible is an unreliable, ancient, and muddled mess. Or use it to help stimulate those who struggle to read the Bible for one reason or another.

Kranz’s book will be a go-to resource for me with anyone who wants to know more of the Bible. Buy it at OverviewBible.

Robert Alter’s Hebrew Bible: Conflicting Extremities

By

Robert Alter is a distinguished scholar of the Hebrew Bible, having taught at UC Berkeley for more than 50 years. He has served on the Council of Scholars for the Library of Congress, and he has been a Senior Fellow for the National Endowment for the Humanities. His scholarship is widely recognized and respected.

His books The Art of Biblical Narrative and The Art of Biblical Poetry are landmark works in the field of reading the Bible as literature, and he has influenced generations of Bible students to see the artistry and magnificence of this ancient collection of books we call the Old Testament.

And yet, Alter, as far as I can tell, makes no profession of faith in Jesus Christ. He appears more widely acclaimed in Jewish than Christian circles. And a number of bedrock principles that underlie Christian belief carry little weight with him. Inerrancy, infallibility, and authority don’t show up in his thinking about these texts. And the New Testament is another historical data point, but not an authoritative interpretation of the Old Testament.

These factors produce a fascinating cohabitation of conflicting extremities in Alter’s recently published translation and commentary of The Hebrew Bible. On the one hand, there is deep respect for, and glorious handling of, a collection of beautiful texts. On the other hand, judgment is pronounced time and again over these texts, with respect to their shaping, content, and effectiveness.

Components

This three-volume set, divided according to the traditional Hebrew divisions of Torah, Prophets, and Writings, offers three tools for the student of the Old Testament:

  1. A masterpiece of translation
  2. Guidance through commentary
  3. A survey of books and groups of books through introductory essays

All three components deserve comment.

Translation

Alter’s translation is truly a masterpiece. Though it might suffer at times from being the work of an individual instead of a self-policing team of scholars, it benefits from its complete freedom from partisan or economic concerns. Since Alter is not seeking a living from massive sales, he is free to be as clear and honest about the text as possible.

Most Bible publishers, for example, refuse to translate Psalm 23:6 as anything but “I will dwell in the house of the Lord forever,” since they won’t sell Bibles if they mess with what people expect from Psalm 23. Yet any honest Hebrew scholar will freely admit that, without doubt, the Hebrew is better translated, as Alter puts it, “And I shall dwell in the house of the Lord for many long days.”

Time and again, Alter defies our expectations of favorite memory verses. I found myself especially tripped up by Proverbs 1:7: “The fear of the Lord is the beginning of knowledge [so far, so good!]. Wisdom and reproof dolts despise [Now wait a minute…].”

Such jarring breaches of expectation serve a commendable purpose: representing the Hebrew as best as possible in English. Alter explains his translation philosophy in his Art of Bible Translation, which also came out this year. This philosophy includes such maxims as:

  • Never use synonyms in English when the Hebrew repeats the same word.
  • When the Hebrew uses word play or sound play, find a comparable English alliteration or word play.
  • Translate not only the words, but also the tone and style. High Hebrew literature should sound like high English literature. A vernacular Hebrew style must be represented accordingly in English.

These principles are to be highly commended. The second point leads to such gems as “dolts despise” in Proverbs 1:7, reflecting the lilt of the underlying Hebrew phrase. And his rigorous following of these principles makes Alter’s translation a literary masterpiece.

It’s worth the space to consider an example. Read the following narrative out loud to better pick up the rhythmic and stylistic glories:

And all the earth was one language, one set of words. And it happened as they journeyed from the east that they found a valley in the land of Shinar and settled there. And they said to each other, “Come, let us bake bricks and burn them hard.” And the brick served them as stone, and bitumen served them as mortar. And they said, “Come, let us build us a city and a tower with its top in the heavens, that we may make us a name, lest we be scattered over all the earth.” And the LORD came down to see the city and the tower that the human creatures had built. And the LORD said, “As one people with one language for all, if this is what they have begun to do, now nothing they plot to do will elude them. Come, let us go down and baffle their language there so that they will not understand each other’s language.” And the LORD scattered them from there over all the earth and they left off building the city. Therefore it is called Babel, for there the LORD made the language of all the earth babble. And from there the LORD scattered them over all the earth.

Genesis 11:1-9

Notice the relatively short sentences. Notice the lack of identifiable subject in the second sentence (“they”). Notice how almost every sentence begins with “and.” Notice the word play of Babel/babble. All these things are clear and obvious in the Hebrew text, but almost never captured in typical English translations.

Commentary

I find the commentary either spectacular or dreadful, depending on the agenda behind it. Alter is most engaging when he explains his word choices and makes literary connections. He is far less engaging when he sits in judgment over the text, presuming to explain what the “original” text really said—even in places where there is zero manuscript evidence to support such conclusions.

Introductory Essays

Alter provides an essay for each book, along with an essay for each volume. In addition, a few essays survey sub-groups such as the wisdom literature. And one long essay on the entire Hebrew Bible and approaches to translation is reprinted in all three volumes.

Again, these essays have both spectacular moments and dreadful ones. The opening, thrice-reprinted essay, contains such gems as:

The unacknowledged heresy underlying most modern English versions of the Bible is the use of translation as a vehicle for explaining the Bible instead of representing it in another language, and in the most egregious instances this amounts to explaining away the Bible. (p.xv)

An adequate English version should be able to indicate the small but significant modulations in diction in the biblical language. (p.xxvii)

A suitable English version should avoid at all costs the modern abomination of elegant synonymous variation, for the literary prose of the Bible turns everywhere on significant repetition, not variation. (p.xxvii)

The book introductions likewise contain marvelous analyses of metaphor, poetry, artistry, or thematic development.

But at the same time, there is good dose of stinkers, such as:

It is of course possible to link each of these sexual details [from Ezekiel 16] with the allegory of an idolatrous nation betraying its faith. But such explicitness and such vehemence about sex are unique in the Bible. The compelling inference is that this was a prophet morbidly fixated on the female body and seething with fervid misogyny…Ezekiel clearly was not a stable person. (Vol 2, p.1051)

At this point [Job 32], in the original text, the LORD would have spoken out from the whirlwind, but a lapse in judgment by an ancient editor postponed that brilliant consummation for six chapters in which the tedious Elihu is allowed to hold forth. (Vol 3, p.460)

The book of Daniel, then, is an imperfect composition. In style, its Hebrew sections are seriously flawed. Its narrative is primarily a vehicle for laying out tales of miraculous aid that demonstrate God’s power, or for setting the circumstances for elaborately coded revelations of the future course of history that require deciphering. (Vol 3, p.749)

There are times to bask in these essays, and there are times to hold the nose while plodding forth.

Recommendation

This three-volume set is not a reader’s Bible. The commentary takes up much space on each page, and the typesetting unfortunately presents the text in unbearably long paragraph blocks. But I would recommend it for at least two purposes.

First, I recommend this set for those who always wonder what might be lying “underneath” the English text in the Hebrew original. Alter’s masterpiece will give those who don’t read Hebrew the clearest picture of it in translation.

Second, I recommend this set for those who would like to read the Bible out loud. When I finish reading the New Testament to my kids on Sunday nights, I plan to return to the Old Testament with them, in Alter’s translation. It’s possible that much of the high-style books, such as Isaiah, will go over their heads. Alter makes sure that Isaiah, in English, sounds just as lofty and high brow as the Hebrew is. But that’s all the more reason to read this work out loud. In the Hebrew Bible, we have a collection of the greatest literature the world has ever seen. And it was meant to be read out loud.

Alter’s masterpiece was kindly handed to us for just a time like this.

And all the people gathered as one man in the square that is in front of the Water Gate, and they said to Ezra the scribe to bring the Book of the Teaching of Moses with which the LORD had charged Israel. And Ezra the priest brought the Teaching before the assembly, men and women and all who had understanding to listen, on the first day of the seventh month. And he read from it before the square that was before the Water Gate from first light to midday in the presence of the men and the women and those who had understanding, and the ears of all the people were listening to the Book of Teaching.

Ezra 8:1-3

Robert Alter, The Hebrew Bible: A Translation with Commentary, Norton, 2019

Disclaimer: I received a free copy of this work from the publisher in exchange for an honest review. Amazon links are affiliate links, which means that clicking on them and making a purchase will grant a small commission to this blog at no extra cost to yourself.

ESV Gospels, Reader’s Set

By

If you haven’t yet caught on to the reader’s Bible fad, the ESV Gospels, Reader’s Set set might be the perfect gateway. And if you already own and love a reader’s Bible, there might still be a place on your shelf for this new edition of the gospels from Crossway.

What It Is

A reader’s Bible is an edition published to encourage and assist lengthy reading. Many of the latest reader’s editions remove all footnotes, cross-references, section headings, verse numbers, and (more often than not) chapter numbers. You’re left with the plain text of Scripture, elegantly typeset, so you can sit and read for hours on end.

This new edition from Crossway presents only the four gospels—Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John—each with its own undersized hardbound volume, in a sturdy slip case. This is something you’ll enjoy having on your shelf. And you’ll enjoy even more having it in your hands while you get lost in the narrative glory.

What It Does

The page layout of these reader’s gospels is very similar to the layout of the ESV Reader’s Bible, 6 Volume Set, which I loved enough to write reviews both before and after reading it. The fonts, margin proportions, and clean text block are the same. It uses the same number of unobtrusive headings for each book’s major divisions.

The biggest difference is that the Gospels set is about half the size. Each volume is just larger than a compact disc and fits in your hand, or in your pocket. This small size makes the pages fly past as you read.

And this is marvelous, because this edition does what reader’s Bibles do best, and it does it even better than previous editions: It gives you permission to keep reading and reading and reading. The smaller size makes me feel like I should just keep reading, and I’ll finish the book before I know it.

In addition, these four volumes do not come with ribbon bookmarks. At first, I was not pleased with this aberration. But now that I’ve spent more time with these four volumes, I have found the lack of bookmark to provide further permission and encouragement to keep reading. It really is not hard to read a complete gospel in one sitting with this edition! And that is something to be commended.

What Could Be Better

My biggest complaint is that the covers of the four volumes are all the same rust color, with no distinguishing visuals or artwork, besides the name on the spine (which is not terribly easy to read). But since these volumes are meant for extended reading, and not for frequent reference, this visual plainness is easy to forgive.

In addition, I would prefer for the ESV Reader’s Bibles to be more like the NIV Sola Scriptura Bible Project and break up the text according to its natural structural divisions. As it is, the text presents in one lengthy block, with no breaks, for pages on end. But this complaint goes for both this set and the Six-Volume Set.

Conclusion

I am thrilled to have received a complimentary copy of this set from Crossway in exchange for an honest review. I expect to use it often. Right now, it’s perfect for a repeated re-reading of Luke’s gospel as I prepare to teach that book.

If you haven’t yet tried a multi-volume reader’s edition of the Bible, the ESV Gospels, Reader’s Set would be an excellent and inexpensive start. And if you’re already a fan of reader’s Bibles, this will add another useful tool to your workbench.

Find it at Amazon or Westminster.

Disclaimer: Amazon and Westminster links are affiliate links. Clicking them and buying stuff will enable us to continue reviewing Bibles for you, at no extra cost to yourself.