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10. The Complexity of Applying the Speeches of Job’s Friends

It is somewhat common to consider the three friends of Job to be categorically wrong, and their speeches to be discarded. But the Apostle Paul never got that memo. The truth is far more complex and nuanced.

9. The Reckoning of the Minas

Because context matters, we must be careful not to hastily harmonize parallel passages. One key example of this is the parable of the ten minas in Luke 10. It sounds very similar to the parable of the talents in Matthew 25, but it is not the same, nor was it spoken in the same circumstances. This post, that had the eighth highest number of views this year, was simply a set up for the following post where I dove further into the details.

8. The Dangerous Consequences of Ignoring Context

Just as the title says, ignoring context has dangerous consequences. We miss the truth. We disrespect God. We mislead our neighbors. It’s just not worth it.

7. Quoting Scripture Contrary to Its Purpose is Devilish

This companion piece to the previous one reveals the staggering truth that those who ignore context are reading the Bible more like Satan than like Jesus. Let’s not do that.

6. Context Matters: Leave the Dead to Bury Their Own Dead

The first of many “context matters” posts to show up on both this week’s list and next week’s, this post examines Jesus’ cryptic statement in Luke 9:60. With help from the context, the instruction doesn’t need to be as cryptic as many typically presume.

5. Context Matters: Always Prepared to Make a Defense

1 Peter 3:15 this time. Though it can apply to apologetics (reasoned defenses for Christianity), that is not the only, nor even the main, thing Peter had in mind. Not all Christians can succeed at philosophical argumentation. But all must succeed at living righteous and respectful lives, thereby generating opportunities to bear witness to the suffering and kingship of the Lord Jesus.

4. Context Matters: The Weaker Vessel

Just a few verses before the previous one, 1 Peter provides one of the most uncomfortable, politically incorrect statements in the Bible. But it ought to be proclaimed in skywriting over every wedding and every marriage. You, husband, can win your wife to the glory of God by understanding her. By showing her the same honor you would show an empress. By praying together with her.

3. Why We Should be More Familiar with OT Sacrifices

We move on (momentarily) from an example of why context matters to an example of how drastically the early parts of the Bible inform the later parts of the Bible. The sacrificial system, and especially the burnt offering, is everywhere. Whenever you lay hands on someone, wash with water, speak of atonement, or offer acceptable worship, you call upon these ancient rituals. Are you aware of how they were done or what they meant at the time?

2. Why You Can Trust the Bible

The most important reason is simply that Jesus trusted it. This post shows him in action.

1. Context Matters: Apart From Me You Can Do Nothing

In our most-read post, from those written this year, Ryan dives into John 15-4-5 to show that the popular understanding of this phrase is not necessarily incorrect, but is much enriched by a grasp of Jesus’ argument in the context.

Previous years’ top tens: 2019, 2018, 2017

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Our Experience Fills in a Context Vacuum

December 16, 2020 By Peter Krol

Alan Shlemon writes about “How Creating a Context Vacuum Sucks Us into Overwriting God’s Word.”

What happens, then, when you read a Bible verse but don’t read the context? Two unfortunate consequences occur. First, you ignore the words the Holy Spirit provided to help you understand the meaning of the verse. You may miss out on what God is trying to communicate. Second, you create what I call a context vacuum. When there’s no context, your mind instantly fills the void with something from your experience. It’s an automatic process.

Shlemon gives a number of examples to illustrate the process. And he’s exactly right. We ignore the context to our peril. When we read or memorize isolated verses, our personal experience will become the filter through which we view and interpret those verses. Thus we fail to hear God’s voice in the Scripture.

I’m especially struck by the example of the woman who heard the command to “put on the new man” (Eph 4:24) as God’s guidance to divorce her husband and run off with another lover. Let us help others to avoid such tragic and reckless abuse of God’s word.

Check it out!

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How Structure Communicates Meaning in Acts 2

December 11, 2020 By Peter Krol

I’ve written before about how to observe structure and how structure conveys meaning. In this post, I’d like to give a practical example, in Acts 2.

Resist Familiarity

Familiarity is the greatest enemy of observation. When we presume to already know a text, we tend to stop listening to it. In the case of Acts 2, our familiarity may perhaps blind us with the dramatic theological import of what takes place. The Day of Pentecost. The coming of the Holy Spirit. The new creation, heaven on earth, God dwelling with men. Absolutely, these matters are weighty and earth-shattering, and they deserve intense reflection.

But the student of Scripture who wishes to observe the text and hear God’s voice clearly in it will ask: What is the narrator’s chief message here? And a cursory look reveals only four verses dedicated to describing the phenomenon of Pentecost (Acts 2:1-4). Most of the narrative takes us elsewhere. In narrative terms, the coming of the Spirit in Acts 2:1-4 basically provides the setting for the discussion that follows. (I do not intend to minimize the theological importance of what happens in Acts 2:1-4; I’m only observing the literary shape of the text.)

Basic Structure

After the narrative introduction of Acts 2:1-4, the rest of the chapter describes the fallout. And the narrator structures that fallout around two main questions:

Men from “every nation under heaven” (Acts 2:5-11) ask: What does this mean (Acts 2:12-13)?
- Peter answers this question at length (Acts 2:14-36).
The foreigners follow up with a second question (Acts 2:37): What shall we do?
- Peter answers this question briefly, at least as far as the narrative is concerned (Acts 2:38-40). At the time, this answer was also lengthy (Acts 2:40).

After this two-part Q&A, there is a narrative conclusion (Acts 2:41-47).

So a broad outline of the chapter would look like this:

A The descending Spirit
B What does this mean?
B’ What shall we do?
A’ The resulting community

A Closer Look

A closer look at these sections shows the first Q&A getting the most space, by far (32 verses). The narrator has done us a service by breaking this section down into subunits for us.

Verses 5-13 list the nations in attendance and lead to the big question itself: What does this mean (Acts 2:12)?

Peter’s speech divides into three units, each marked by a direct address: “Men of Judea” (Acts 2:14), “Men of Israel” (Acts 2:22), and “Brothers” (Acts 2:29). In each of the three sections, following the direct address, Peter makes a clear point and then supports that point with an Old Testament quotation.

Men of Judea – Acts 2:14
- This is what Joel predicted – Acts 2:14-16
  - Quote from Joel 2 – Acts 2:17-21
Men of Israel – Acts 2:22
- The crucified Jesus has been raised – Acts 2:22-24
  - Quote from Psalm 16 – Acts 2:25-28
Brothers – Acts 2:29
- The risen Jesus is on his throne – Acts 2:29-34
  - Quote from Psalm 110 – Acts 2:34-35

The only part of the speech that falls outside the pattern is the last verse, which highlights this sentence as perhaps the most prominent part of the speech. Here is the conclusion Peter’s three points are driving toward:

Let all the house of Israel therefore know for certain that God has made him both Lord and Christ, this Jesus whom you crucified.
Acts 2:36

Because this concluding sentence stands outside the threefold pattern of the rest of the speech, it is given such prominence as to almost be a distinct unit itself. And in light of the entire chapter, we see the author’s main idea right here, at the center of the structure:

A The descending Spirit
B What does this mean?
C God has made this Jesus both Lord and Christ
B’ What shall we do?
A’ The resulting community

Peter’s Argument

Follow Peter’s argument in his first, lengthy speech. You have heard us speaking in your native tongues, right? That means God’s Spirit has been poured out on us, like Joel said. That means the Messiah has poured the Spirit out on us. That means the Messiah was given the Spirit by the Father. That means the Messiah is seated at the Father’s right hand. That means he ascended into heaven. That means he’s not dead, but was raised by God. That is the same JESUS you killed by enlisting pagans who don’t care about the law of Moses. We saw him ourselves and testify to these things. Stop doing what you’re doing (repent) and publicly pledge allegiance to him as Lord and Christ (be baptized).

Conclusion

The structure of this chapter suggests a few things about Luke’s intentions in this narrative:

His intention for Theophilus is not as much to teach about the coming of the Spirit, in itself, but to communicate the meaning of his coming and the response of individuals and communities.
The meaning of the Spirit’s coming is not primarily about the ability of a believing individual to commune directly with God (though that is certainly a result of the Spirit’s coming, unpacked in other passages), but more so about the testimony to Jesus as both Lord and Christ.
The proper response to the Spirit’s coming is not primarily to seek particular ecstatic manifestations of his presence, but to call on Jesus to be saved (Acts 2:21), to repent and be baptized to pledge allegiance to his new kingdom community (Acts 2:38), and to submit every aspect of the Christian community to Jesus’ true lordship (Acts 2:41-47).

There is much theology we can develop from Acts 2, but let’s allow the narrator’s own structure and argument to guide our interpretation of the text, showing us where he wants us to focus our interpretive efforts.

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The Bereans Had No Bibles

December 9, 2020 By Peter Krol

In response to a common appeal for Christians to search their Bibles and “be like Bereans,” Griffin Gulledge has a provocative piece entitled “The Bereans Had No Bibles.” In it, he makes some important points worth your consideration:

Bereans receive the truth.
Bereans learn in the context of the gathered church.
Bereans believe the Christian faith from the Old Testament.

Gulledge concludes:

Being a Berean is a lost label for Christians. These days, most of the people who appeal to the term are bloggers on the internet, mostly engaged in heated polemics at best or vicious attacks on those they disagree with at worst. What we see here instead is that Bereans are those who receive the truth in the context of the church, and thereby together prove Christ is both Savior and Lord from the Scriptures. What is the end of all of this? It’s not to win debates or to fill our heads with knowledge for its own sake. The passage tells us: many believe.
The goal of emulating the Bereans is to bring about and strengthen faith. It is Christ’s work and who he is, preached from the Scriptures, that saves and sanctifies. The Bereans had no Bibles. But they did have Christ. We have the Bible. And together, we should seek to find Christ there, and thereby be transformed into his image (2 Cor 3:17-18)

Check it out!

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4 Bible Studies for the New Year

December 7, 2020 By Ryan Higginbottom

As we approach the end of one year, we plan for the next. For many Christians, the start of the year offers a chance to assess their devotional habits and commit to new practices.

Lots of believers begin read-through-the-Bible plans in January, and this is a good thing! (Here at Knowable Word, we have our own 2021 Bible reading challenge!) Surveying the totality of God’s word is good for our souls.

But a careful study of the Bible is essential for our spiritual lives as well. If you’d like some structure to help you study the Bible in 2021, this article is for you.

What We Mean by “Bible Study”

In some circles, an article touting Bible studies for the new year would give recommendations of resources to peruse or purchase. It’s not too hard to find devotional works that guide believers through sections or books of Scripture.

That’s not what I’m advocating here. Though devotionals have their place, we want you to hear directly from God.

You might think you don’t have the time, ability, or intellect, but you’d be wrong—you can study the Bible yourself. That’s the very reason this website exists! God’s word is a knowable word, and he wants you to know him through his word.

Toward that end, we have many resources and articles to help you get started. Studying the Bible begins with reading and rereading the passage at hand. You’ll want to observe what the author wrote and use those observations to ask interpretive questions. As you answer those questions, seek out the author’s main point in writing. As you grow in your understanding, apply the passage to your life and your spheres of influence.

While you can and should study the Bible on your own, it’s healthy to talk about what you’re learning with others. As you consider the Bible study plans below, consider recruiting some friends from your local church to travel this path with you. A check-in meeting every week might be a helpful practice to begin the year.

Four Plans to Study the Bible

As with my previous articles on Bible studies for Advent and Lent, there isn’t anything revolutionary in these Bible study plans. Instead, I’ve provided sections of Scripture that can be studied over four weeks, broken down by week.

The studies below relate to the theme of newness. So, at the beginning of the new year you can study portions of the Bible in which you will encounter other beginnings.

A Study in Genesis

Genesis is the ultimate book of beginnings, and its opening chapters are foundational to the rest of Scripture.

Week 1 (January 3–9): Genesis 1:1–31
Week 2 (January 10–16): Genesis 2:1–25
Week 3 (January 17–23): Genesis 3:1–24
Week 4 (January 24–30): Genesis 4:1–26

A Study in Joshua

After Moses dies, the people of Israel get a new leader (Joshua). They cross the Jordan into the Promised Land and begin their new mission.

Week 1 (January 3–9): Joshua 1:1–18
Week 2 (January 10–16): Joshua 2:1–24
Week 3 (January 17–23): Joshua 3:1–17
Week 4 (January 24–30): Joshua 4:1–24

A Study in John

The beginning of John’s Gospel connects the beginning of Jesus’s ministry with the beginning of creation.

Week 1 (January 3–9): John 1:1–18
Week 2 (January 10–16): John 1:19–51
Week 3 (January 17–23): John 2:1–25
Week 4 (January 24–30): John 3:1–36

A Study in Acts

The first chapters of Acts describe the beginning of the gathered and scattered church.

Week 1 (January 3–9): Acts 1:1–26
Week 2 (January 10–16): Acts 2:1–36
Week 3 (January 17–23): Acts 2:37–3:26
Week 4 (January 24–30): Acts 4:1–37

The Best Way to Start a Year

Whether you adopt one of these study plans or not, there’s no better way to begin 2021 than to draw closer to God through his word. May your year be full of joyful understanding of the truth of Scripture and the glad fruit of a changed heart and life.

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Literary Markers in Acts

December 4, 2020 By Peter Krol

I’m beginning to study the book of Acts (following upon my study of Luke over the last year), and I’m struck by a great insight into the book’s structure. This insight was not my own, but was something I read in works by both William Taylor (affiliate link) and Daniel Wallace.

That insight is that the book of Acts has exactly seven narrative summary statements regarding the growth of the church: Acts 2:47, 6:7, 9:31, 12:24, 16:5, 19:20, 28:30-31. And these statements are not simply throwaway transitional statements, but they appear to be concluding statements to mark the main divisions of the book.

Check it out for yourself and consider these statements and the alleged divisions they mark. The material they conclude (for example, 1:1-2:47, 3:1-6:7, 6:8-9:31, etc.) does generally appear to hang together thematically.

I should say that Daniel Wallace is clear that this is only one way the narrator structures the book of Acts. It also could be structured geographically, in expanding circles from Jerusalem and then by Paul’s missionary journeys.

But I must say, this seven-fold structure to Acts helps me to make sense of some strange results of a purely geographical way of outlining the book. For example, the narrative moves seamlessly from the end of Paul’s second journey and into his third (Acts 18:22-23). It just doesn’t seem reasonable to proclaim a major division in the book between those verses. The demarcation is much clearer between Acts 19:20 and Acts 19:21 (that latter verse introduces, for the first time, Paul’s commitment to go to Rome, which carries him through the rest of the book).

Have you noticed this sevenfold structure to Acts? Do you think a different set of literary markers suggests a different structure for the book? Structure is one of the most important tools to help us grasp the overall message and argument of a book, so it’s worth it to observe it closely!

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Saints Resurrected at Jesus’ Death

December 2, 2020 By Peter Krol

Greg Lanier has a helpful piece on “Resurrected Saints and Matthew’s Weirdest Passage,” where he addresses some common questions on Matthew 27:52-53:

The tombs also were opened. And many bodies of the saints who had fallen asleep were raised, and coming out of the tombs after his resurrection they went into the holy city and appeared to many.

Lanier asks:

Did this really happen?
What exactly happened?
What does it mean?

He looks closely at the text in its context to provide reasonable answers.

Check it out!

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Saying, “I don’t know”

November 27, 2020 By Tom Hallman

I remember the first time he said, “I don’t know.”

The setting was my very first Bible study, or at least the very first one I took seriously. The group was small; maybe 4 or 5 of us. The book was John. The “he” I mentioned was Dave, the Bible study leader who was teaching us all how to know Jesus through the Scriptures. I was just a baby Christian at the time, but I knew that Dave knew everything about Jesus. Everything!

And that’s when it happened.

Somebody asked a question about the text. I don’t remember exactly what it was. Maybe it was why Jesus responded the way He did to His mother in John 2:3-5. Or whether John 3:16-21 was spoken by Jesus or was John’s commentary. Regardless, Dave’s answer astounded me.

“I don’t know.”

That impacted me for several reasons. First, Dave was suddenly more human. I now had the slightest bit more hope that maybe one day I could lead like he leads (though to this day he’s still a lot better at it than I am!) Second, most of my experience with Christians involved watching them get offended, angry, and/or frightened when they didn’t know something. Instead, here was Dave modeling real humility! And third, it was simply an honest answer to a good question! No shame in that.

Now, this blog is called Knowable Word, and we really do believe (and plan to show why we think this) that the Bible is knowable, that Jesus is knowable, and that you can experience a great deal of joy as you grow in knowledge of God.

However, I do hope we can also be humble enough to say, “I don’t know.” There’s a lot of hard-to-understand stuff in the Bible. The apostle Peter says that Paul is hard to understand in 2 Peter 3:15-16. Paul says that God is hard to understand in Romans 11:33. Are we wiser than they? Aren’t there many passages where we too scratch our heads and basically have to confess, “I don’t know”?

Perhaps this is what the author of Proverbs 3:5 had in mind when he penned,

Trust in the LORD with all your heart, and do not lean on your own understanding. (ESV)

Maybe! I don’t know.

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Context Matters: To All Who Received Him

November 25, 2020 By Peter Krol

But to all who did receive him, who believed in his name, he gave the right to become children of God
John 1:12

How much of our evangelistic effort roots itself in this verse, asking people to “receive Christ,” inviting him into their hearts? Is that what John meant when he wrote these words?

Jim Elliff argues that no, John did not have such a practice in mind. And Elliff shows us from the verse’s context a better understanding. Here is one place it takes him:

Our main work is not so much to explain the sinner’s response to Christ (that is important mainly for pretending believers), but to labor on the gospel itself. When we are brutally honest with people about their sin, and lucid about the only answer being in Christ, His death and resurrection, then we have preached the gospel. We have done what is necessary to cooperate with the Spirit in their conversion. We will actually work against the Spirit when we get caught up in a formulaic approach to the gospel as opposed to a content-filled proclamation. Get the message right and depend on God to convict and convert. You will know someone is saved, not when they “pray the prayer,” but when they repent and believe in Christ, with the evidence of truly following Him. Ask, “Do you believe?”

Elliff observes the text closely, in its context, and he argues, from John’s larger message, a better way to think about evangelism. This is terrific.

Check it out!

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Context Matters: Do Justice, Love Mercy, Walk Humbly With God

November 23, 2020 By Ryan Higginbottom

Perhaps you’ve heard that Christians should do justice, love mercy, and walk humbly with God. Even people outside the church have seen and heard these phrases.

Some people take this verse (Micah 6:8) as the theme of the book of Micah. Others claim this is even more important—that it’s the central message of the entire Old Testament, or the whole Bible.

This verse has made its way into mission statements for organizations of all types. You can see it everywhere from Christmas cards to protest banners.

But does the current use of this verse honor its context? God has given us paragraphs, chapters, and books—not just sayings and slogans. When we learn to read the Bible as God intends, we may find that our most quoted verses play a different role than we assumed.

The Immediate Context

The immediate context of Micah 6:8 is an indictment of the Lord against his people (Micah 6:2).

God reminds his people what he has done for them. He brought them out of Egypt and redeemed them (Micah 6:4). He turned the intended curses of Balak and Balaam into blessing, and he brought the people across the Jordan into the promised land (Micah 6:5). The people of God should not act as though God has wearied them (Micah 6:3).

Micah asks what sacrifice would be acceptable to the Lord—burnt offerings? Thousands of rams? Rivers of oil? A firstborn child? (See Micah 6:6–7.)

We read Micah 6:8 after these questions. No specific transgression or sin (Micah 6:7) has been mentioned, so Micah 6:8 is the charge against the people to which verses 6 and 7 are a response.

Yes, Micah 6:8 sets out God’s desires for his people in heart and action. But God is not merely giving a mission statement, he is leveling a legal charge. As the rest of the book of Micah makes clear, Israel has utterly failed to do justice, love kindness, and walk humbly with their God. This failure is detailed (and the deserved punishments are outlined) in Micah 6:9–16.

Needed: A New Leader

We must not only locate Micah 6:8 in its chapter but also its book.

Micah spends much of the first three chapters of the book warning Israel and Judah about the coming judgment for their sin. And many of these warnings are pointed at those in leadership.

The rulers of the nations should know justice (Micah 3:1).
The prophets lead the people astray, motivated by self-interest (Micah 3:5).
The rulers of Israel detest justice and fill Jerusalem with sin. Their officials, priests, and prophets are motivated by money, and they do not see that disaster awaits their city (Micah 3:9–12).

The famous passage about the coming Messiah (Micah 5:2–5) is a direct consequence of these terrible failings. Israel needs a new ruler and a new shepherd; Israel needs peace. God will provide.

Because God is going to bring a new king for Israel, and because God’s king will be completely faithful in his ways, we can read Micah 6:8 through this lens. The Messiah will do justice, the Messiah will love kindness, and the Messiah will walk humbly with God. The Gospels show how beautifully and perfectly Jesus fulfilled these predictions.

Look to the Lord

After the indictment of Micah 6, readers naturally wonder where to find hope. Micah knows his own sin and admits that he cannot find any righteous on the earth (Micah 7:2). There is so much evil and corruption around that he cannot trust anyone (Micah 7:3–6). He must look to the Lord and wait for the God of his salvation (Micah 7:7).

Micah knows he has sinned against the Lord, but he knows just as surely that the Lord will vindicate him (Micah 7:8–9). In the end, Micah can hope and trust in God because of his steadfast love and compassion.

Who is a God like you, pardoning iniquity
and passing over transgression
for the remnant of his inheritance?
He does not retain his anger forever,
because he delights in steadfast love.
He will again have compassion on us;
he will tread our iniquities underfoot.
You will cast all our sins
into the depths of the sea.
You will show faithfulness to Jacob
and steadfast love to Abraham,
as you have sworn to our fathers
from the days of old. (Micah 7:18–20)

Conclusion

The way many people use Micah 6:8 is not exactly wrong, but it is incomplete. In this prophetic book, this verse serves as the law leveled by God against the people of Israel. And the judge brings a guilty verdict.

The guilt of the people reflects the guilt of their leaders, and God has promised a Messiah. We cannot depend on ourselves or anyone else except this one who will “be great to the ends of the earth” (Micah 5:4).

This Messiah—Jesus—will do justice, love kindness, and walk humbly with his God. And he will do it for us.

Context matters.

For more examples of why context matters, click here.

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