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Context Matters: The Least of These

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Consider one of the most chilling statements Jesus ever made:

‘Truly, I say to you, as you did not do it to one of the least of these, you did not do it to me.’ And these will go away into eternal punishment, but the righteous into eternal life.” (Matt 25:45-46)

It sounds as though the way a person treats “the least of these” is—if not the cause—at least the evidence of a person’s eternal fate. But do we understand who those people are whom Jesus wishes us to feed, clothe, welcome, and visit? It prevails on us to get this right.

Kevin DeYoung recently republished a helpful piece where he examines the phrase “least of these” from the context. He looks at Jesus’ usage not only in Matt 25:45 but also Matt 25:40, along with the logical flow of Jesus’ discourse and the literary connections back to Matthew 10.

I won’t quote his conclusion here, to entice you to go and read how he arrives at it.

Check it out!

The Fear of the Lord

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The fear of the LORD is the beginning of knowledge;
Fools despise wisdom and instruction (Prov 1:7).

This verse describes the first step on the path of wisdom. We must begin by fearing the Lord. So far, so good.

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Defining the Fear of the Lord from the Text

But what does it mean to fear the Lord? Does it mean to reverence the Lord? Or does it mean to obey him? Or does it mean to be afraid of him? How should we understand the term “fear” in this verse?

The poetry here gives us a lot of help. Do you remember our brief discussion of parallelism (more here)? In this verse, we have an example of two lines that say opposite things. So, in order to help us interpret the first line, let’s look at the second line: “fools despise wisdom and instruction.” The beginning of knowledge in the first line appears to be parallel to wisdom and instruction in the second line. That much quickly makes sense.

That leaves us with fools despise contrasted with the fear of the LORD, so fearing the Lord must mean that I don’t despise wisdom or instruction!  How does that work?

Let’s consider this further. Why would a fool despise wisdom and instruction? Because he thinks he doesn’t need it. Why doesn’t he need it? Because he thinks he’s already smart enough. He doesn’t need anyone (especially the Lord) telling him what to do. He’s doing just fine on his own. As the fellow once sang, “I did it my way!”

The wise person, on the other hand, knows he isn’t wise enough yet. There’s always more room for growth, so he loves wisdom and instruction. He wants feedback. He welcomes constructive criticism. He delights in correction. Therefore he has the humility and faith to look for a true source of wisdom (which will not be himself). Ultimately, he knows that the only real source of this much-needed wisdom is God, who stores up wisdom and doles it out to the upright who walk in integrity (see Prov 2:6-7). Therefore, fearing the Lord means resting in God and trusting that he alone is wise.

The Fear of the Lord and the Gospel

We have here an example of the Good News being preached long before Jesus actually came on the scene. Solomon communicates that the most important thing to know about becoming wise, indeed the first step on the path of wisdom, is to acknowledge that you are not wise. Only the most courageous people can do such a thing. They must have nothing to prove, nothing to defend, and nothing to justify. They don’t make excuses or blame others for their own faults. They’re not touchy when conflicts arise or when relationships become awkward. These people find their security not in their own righteousness, but in the righteousness of another who died so they could have life.

Some wiseacre once quipped that Christianity is just a crutch for weak people. Others accurately responded that Christianity is actually more like a stretcher for dead people. Christians know they need all the help they can get. We’re dead meat if Jesus doesn’t rescue us. This teaching is not unique to Solomon, but is inscribed on every page of the New Testament as well. For one example, see 1 Corinthians 1:26-31:

For consider your calling, brothers: not many of you were wise according to worldly standards, not many were powerful, not many were of noble birth. But God chose what is foolish in the world to shame the wise; God chose what is weak in the world to shame the strong; God chose what is low and despised in the world, even things that are not, to bring to nothing things that are, so that no human being might boast in the presence of God. And because of him you are in Christ Jesus, who became to us wisdom from God, righteousness and sanctification and redemption, so that, as it is written, “Let the one who boasts, boast in the Lord.”

If we are believers in Jesus and destined for eternal life and glory, it is not because we had something to offer God. Rather, God called and chose us because he couldn’t find any bigger fools than us! He gets more glory for having drafted us into his service, and we get wisdom, righteousness, sanctification, and redemption. This is Good News.

When we hope in Jesus’ goodness, and not our own, we have taken the first step on the path of wisdom. Without this step, it is impossible to be wise. Therefore, if wisdom is a continual striving to know and do what the Bible says, the first step is to recognize that we aren’t doing it! In fact, we simply can’t do it. We need Jesus to do it for us.

This post was first published in 2012.

When Gospel Accounts Include Different Details

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J. Warner Wallace, a cold-case homicide detective, writes about why we should expect witnesses to disagree.

There are many factors that contribute to one’s perception of an event. Physical location, past experience, familiarity with a feature of the crime scene; a witness’ physical, emotional and psychological distinctives play a role in what they see and how they communicate this testimony after the fact. No two people are alike, so no two people experience an event in precisely the same way. If you’ve got three witnesses in a murder case, expect three slightly different versions of the event. Don’t panic, that’s normal. In fact, when three different witnesses tell me the exact same thing, I start to get suspicious.

He then traces out the implications of this fact (among others) on our reading of the Bible’s four gospels.

Check it out!

Beginning the Path of Wisdom

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Why is it so difficult for me to arrive home from work at the time I promised to my wife? I love her passionately, and I have no intention to deceive or discourage her. Yet I persistently fail to arrive on time.  Not only that, but every time I do it, I have a really good reason. “I was wrapped up in this significant project that had to get completed before I left the office.” Or, “I was having a very fruitful counseling meeting, and I couldn’t just cut it short.” Or, I can achieve ultimate vindication with: “You’re rarely on time when I’m waiting for you.”

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The one thing that I find most excruciating is simply to admit, “I should have set aside what I was doing and returned home on time for dinner. Will you please forgive me? Can you also please help me figure out how I could make a better choice next time?” It feels so right to make my excuses.  But when I make excuses, I am not fearing the Lord; therefore, I am not acting wisely.

One thing we can be certain of, from both Scripture and experience, is that we are sinners by nature, and thus prone to play the fool. We need to be rescued. We are selfish blame shifters who will stop at no length to justify our own choices and values. This habit is the essence of folly. If we hope to be wise, we must tread a different path. In fact, we cannot be wise until we do.

In the last few Proverbs posts, we pieced together a definition of wisdom: a continual striving to know and do what the Bible says. In the next few posts, we’ll consider three things that enable us to begin this journey of wisdom. First, hope in the right thing: the Good News of Jesus, not your own goodness (Prov 1:7). Second, do the right thing: listen to the Lord, not your own heart (Prov 1:8). Third, help others do the right thing: be an agent of godly influence, not another boring authority figure (Prov 1:9).

This post was first published in 2012.

Proverbs Purpose #5: To Master the Word of Wisdom

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To understand a proverb and a saying,
The words of the wise and their riddles (Prov 1:6, ESV).

In Proverbs 1:1-6, Solomon gives four purposes for his book. We’ve already discussed the first, second third and fourth. The fifth purpose comes in verse 6.

At first glance, it might appear that this statement simply repeats what came before in verse 2: “to understand words of insight.” We’ve already established that Solomon wants to train us to recognize wisdom when we see it.

But to understand how this fourth purpose advances the train of thought, consider what Solomon is saying when you put the entire sentence together again: “The Proverbs of Solomon [are]…to understand a proverb.” In other words, a purpose of Proverbs is to help us understand proverbs. As one of my seminary professors once said, “the more you understand Proverbs, the more proverbs you understand.”

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Have you ever read through the whole book of Proverbs before? There are some weird things in there!

Weird Example #1: Whoever winks the eye causes trouble,
But a babbling fool will come to ruin (Prov 10:10).

Weird Example #2: The light of the eyes rejoices the heart,
And good news refreshes the bones (Prov 15:30).

Weird Example #3: The sluggard says, ‘There is a lion in the road!
There is a lion in the streets (Prov 26:13)!

Weird Example #4: The leech has two daughters;
‘Give’ and ‘Give,’ they cry (Prov 30:15a).

Often, to help us understand strange proverbs like these, other proverbs come to the rescue. Proverbs 6:12-15 helps with example #1 by explaining that winking has to do with causing disunity. Many proverbs help with example #2 by defining “the light of the eyes” as an inward vitality (Prov 29:13) that results from a righteous life (Prov 13:9), expressing itself on our faces (Prov 15:13). Proverbs 22:13 helps with example #3 by explaining that the “lion” is simply a fabricated excuse not to go to work. Proverbs 30:15b-16 helps with example #4 by illustrating for us the warning signs of the type of needy person who won’t be helped by our charity.

My point is this: one purpose of Proverbs is to help us to master other proverbs.

Or, the more we understand Proverbs, the more proverbs we will understand.  It doesn’t stop with Proverbs either; the more wisdom you glean from Proverbs, the more you will understand the rest of the Bible as well. And the better you truly understand the main points of the Scriptures, the more you will know Jesus, for they all speak of him (Luke 24:44-49, John 5:39-40, 1 Peter 1:10-12). The more you know Jesus, the wiser you become, for he is our wisdom (1 Cor 1:30). In other words, the fifth purpose of Proverbs is to help you master the word of wisdom (see also 2 Tim 2:15). We are tempted to define “wise” and “foolish” however we want, but the Bible must be our measuring rod on these categories. Let’s add this point to our definition of wisdom.

Wisdom is:

  1. Knowing the right thing to do in any particular situation.
  2. Recognizing those who promote the right thing to do.
  3. Doing it.
  4. Always improving at both knowing and doing.
  5. Deriving all of our knowing and doing from the Bible.

A simpler way to phrase this whole definition could be: Wisdom is a continual striving to know and do what the Bible says.

This post was first published in 2012.

Glorious Gospel Stories

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The Lord gave us not one but four accounts of Jesus’ life and ministry. Steve Burchett wants to help you appreciate and understand them better. He explains that the stories of the gospels:

  1. Are God’s revelation to us.
  2. Proclaim truths that make believers increasingly holy.
  3. Are both gripping and Christ exalting — a powerful combination when evangelizing the lost.

Burchett goes on to offer practical suggestions for reading and understanding these stories rightly.

Check it out!

Proverbs Purpose #4: To Transform People

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To give prudence to the simple,
Knowledge and discretion to the youth –
Let the wise hear and increase in learning,
And the one who understands obtain guidance (Prov 1:4-5, ESV).

A Push in the Right Direction

We’ve already seen that Solomon wrote Proverbs so we might know wisdom (partly by recognizing those who speak it) and live wisely. Solomon’s third purpose for writing is found in verses 4 and 5. He desires nothing less than the transformation of the simple person (“the youth”) into a wise person (who has “prudence”), and of a wise person (“one who understands”) into a wiser person (one who will “increase in learning”).

Remember that the simple person is the one at the crossroads. This person has not yet decided which fork in the road to take: the one moving toward the Lord (wisdom), or the one moving away from the Lord (folly). Solomon here offers a push in the right direction. His proverbs will help us to move toward wisdom.

Remember also that the wise person is not someone who has achieved enlightenment or some sort of spiritual heightening. Rather, the wise person is simply moving in the right direction. If you are moving closer and closer to the Lord, you are wise. Solomon’s proverbs will inject supplements into your tank so the fuel can burn cleaner, last longer, and move you down the road more quickly.

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How to Respond

Some people should be comforted by this third purpose. It means you can start where you are and just move forward from here. It’s okay if you’re not as far down the road as that other person. What matters is that you get moving in the right direction. You shouldn’t sit still, lamenting the fact that you’re not as wise or mature in Christ as you should be or would like to be. You should just do something. Anything. If this description connects with you, then Proverbs 4:18 can be your theme verse: “the path of the righteous is like the light of dawn, which shines brighter and brighter until the full day.” You haven’t hit the sunrise yet, so just keep moving down the path.

Other people need to be rebuked by this third purpose. It means that you have tried to get by with being “simple” for far too long. You’ve been a Christian for 10, 20, 30 years or more, and you’re still content to have minimal involvement, minimal influence, and minimal responsibility. You’re happy to receive the church’s resources, investment, service, and instruction; but you’re unwilling to be a part of giving resources, investment, service, or instruction for the good of others. This attitude is simply unacceptable for a Christian called to wisdom.

It should be assumed that different people have different capacities and rates of acceleration in their growth in wisdom. That fact is not in question here. Rather, the chief question is are you accelerating at all or just sitting still in your walk with Christ? You can only remain simple for so long before you become a fool; but the proverbs extend much hope that it doesn’t have to be that way. So let’s add this new component to our definition.

Wisdom is:

  1. Knowing the right thing to do in any particular situation.
  2. Recognizing those who promote the right thing to do.
  3. Doing it.
  4. Always improving at both knowing and doing.

This post was first published in 2012.

When the Prophet Declares Peace on Pagan Temple Attendance

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Susan Tyner has a thoughtful piece wondering “Why Did Elisha Allow Naaman to Bow to an Idol?” Naaman the Syrian, cleansed of his leprosy, asks the prophet for the Lord’s pardon on his participation in the worship of the god Rimmon.

Elisha’s response? “Go in peace” (2 Kings 5:18-19).

Tyner explores the implications, comfort, and conviction offered to us through this narrative.

Living in today’s society can be a lot like the Israelites living in exile then. We struggle with various questions: Should I teach a school curriculum that goes against my beliefs? Should I quit a job that has LGBT+ stickers on its storefront window? Will my boss understand if I ask for the Lord’s Day off? In this story from the ancient world, we sense God’s compassion for us as we try to figure out how to be in the modern world but not of it (John 17:14, 15).

Tyner examines the story’s context, along with the contrast between Naaman and Elisha’s servant Gehazi to draw implications for true worship and obedience.

Check it out!

Proverbs Purpose #3: To Live Wisely

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To receive instruction in wise dealing,
In righteousness, justice, and equity (Prov 1:3, ESV)

We’ve already seen that the first purpose of Proverbs is to know wisdom, and the second is to recognize those who speak it. Solomon’s third purpose now gets very practical.

We are not simply to know true facts about God, people, or the world. It also is not sufficient that we be capable of pointing out actual examples of wisdom or foolishness in the culture around us. Rather, we must be people who live out of the wisdom given to us.

Where verse 2 focuses on the mental component of wisdom, verse 3 focuses on the moral component of wisdom. Wisdom that remains in the realm of ideas, factoids, or experiential principles is not truly wisdom. It must instead seep out of our fingertips and infect everything we do. It translates to action (wise dealing): doing the right thing before God (righteousness), responding appropriately to circumstances (justice), and treating other people without favoritism (equity).

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Taking what God teaches us and putting it into practice is a major theme throughout Scripture. Prior to Solomon’s day, Moses and David had already declared it.

Moses: “Hear therefore, O Israel, and be careful to do them [the commandments], that it may go well with you” (Deut 6:3).

David: “O Lord, who shall sojourn in your tent? Who shall dwell on your holy hill? He who walks blamelessly and does what is right and speaks truth in his heart” (Psalm 15:1-2)

After Solomon’s day, the New Testament epistles frequently repeat it. For example:

Paul: “For it is not the hearers of the law who are righteous before God, but the doers of the law who will be justified” (Rom 2:13).

Author of Hebrews: “But solid food is for the mature, for those who have their powers of discernment trained by constant practice to distinguish good from evil” (Heb 5:14).

James: “Be doers of the word, and not hearers only, deceiving yourselves” (James 1:22).

Peter: “Therefore, preparing your minds for action, and being sober-minded, set your hope fully on the grace that will be brought to you at the revelation of Jesus Christ. As obedient children, do not be conformed to the passions of your former ignorance, but as he who called you is holy, you also be holy in all your conduct” (1 Peter 1:13-15).

John: “Whoever says ‘I know him’ but does not keep his commandments is a liar, and the truth is not in him” (1 John 2:4).

Most importantly of all, it was a central theme of Jesus’ teaching.

“Everyone then who hears these words of mine and does them will be like a wise man who built his house on the rock” (Matt 7:24).

“Why do you call me ‘Lord, Lord,’ and do not do what I tell you?” (Luke 6:46).

In every one of these verses, notice how God expects his people not only to know the truth, but also to put it into practice. The measure of wisdom is found in its follow-through.

Are you becoming a different person based on the truth you hear from the Bible? Can you pinpoint things you have addressed and grown in over the last year? Are there character issues you would like to tackle in the coming year? Would others who know you well say that you make wiser decisions now than you used to? Are you more pleasant, more insightful, more honorable, and more Christ-like than ever before?

Let’s add this new factor to our definition of wisdom. We must take into account both knowing and doing the truth.

Wisdom is:

  1. Knowing the right thing to do in any particular situation.
  2. Recognizing those who promote the right thing to do.
  3. Doing it.

This post was first published in 2012.