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Parts of the Bible are Not Inspired

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Mike Leake makes a great point at his blog: Some parts of your Bible are not inspired by God.

Leake primarily has the punctuation in mind, as the original manuscripts had no punctuation.

…if we believe that the only original manuscripts are fully inspired, authoritative, and without error it means we do not believe the verse divisions or punctuation in your Bible falls under that category. Those were not present in either the original Hebrew or the Greek. Those were added much later.

Leake gives an example where shifting a comma might adjust the way we read a verse. Such discussions are not contrary to a belief in the inspiration or inerrancy of Scripture. Things such as comma placement are translators’ decisions. If you compare different translations, you’ll often see a variety of choices on such matter.

We also should keep in mind that verse divisions, red letters, paragraph breaks, footnotes, page formatting, and section headings are also translation or publication decisions, not components of the original manuscripts. If the context and train of thought of the text take you across some of these contrived boundaries, make sure you allow it to do so.

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Should We Read the Bible Literally?

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Writing at Stand to Reason, Greg Koukl addresses the common question of whether we ought to read the Bible literally. He demonstrates the complexity of the question, highlighting the fact that nobody reads anything literally 100% of the time. In the process he shows how important it is to grasp the author’s intentions. We must read a Bible text the way the author would have wanted us to read it.

Koukl addresses some common objections and then ends with practical tips on how to best understand metaphors.

His counsel is both sound and practical, and I commend it to you. Check it out!

HT: Ron Malone

Teaching Bible Study to Teenagers

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In answering a question about how to train teenagers to study the Bible, John Piper highlights a critical goal:

…the goal of this teaching is a lifelong habit of mind and heart to approach the Scriptures in a certain way. In other words, being able to do a particular technique is not the goal. Trying to reproduce Piper lab experiences is not the goal. But the habits of mind and the habits of heart that you inculcate, or that you build into your children while working through those techniques — that’s the goal.


I would explain that goal to my children. I’d say, “That’s what we’re after here. I’m not trying to make a little John Piper out of you (or a little whatever out of you). I just want to build into you certain habits of mind and habits of heart so that you will approach the Scriptures fruitfully for the rest of your life.”

Piper describes the importance of creating a cultural setting where you can develop habitual skills with your teens. Then he proposes 7 skills to focus on:

  1. Define the terms.
  2. Find the propositions.
  3. Clarify the relationships.
  4. Determine the main point.
  5. Compare texts.
  6. Face reality.
  7. Apply the text.

The OIA method provides a simple way to package such skills so they sink in and are memorable. Then Piper concludes:

Keep in mind the aim is not to master a technique like arcing or lab with John Piper. That’s not the aim. The aim is lifelong habits of mind and heart that humbly and eagerly ask and answer questions from the Bible.

Agreed. Agreed. Agreed. May the Lord give us and our teens grace to pursue and acquire such lifelong habits.

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OIA Bible Study is Not Just for Adults

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You might like to know we’re not the only ones who promote OIA Bible study. And we’re not the only ones who believe this method works not only for adults but also for children. Over at the Gospel Coalition, Shawna Duvall winsomely explains that “Inductive Bible Study is Not Just for Adults.” While I have a minor quibble with her use of the term “inductive,” she explains briefly and compellingly how to teach the OIA method to children.

And she gets this just right:

We’re a resource-rich generation with a trove of family-focused, theologically sound materials. But while such supplemental materials are valuable, many parents and caregivers still feel inadequate when it comes to simply opening the pages of Scripture with their children.

With our own kids, my husband and I have utilized a simple Bible study tool: observing, interpreting, and applying the text. This inductive method is already widely trusted and familiar in the church today. In our family, it provides a framework basic enough for our younger kids to grasp and yet is able to grow with them, even into adulthood.

I particularly appreciate the hand motions Duvall describes to help children remember the purpose of each step.

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A Time to Read, and a Time to Stop Reading

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Everything on this site is here to help ordinary people learn to study the Bible. But from time to time, for the sake of balance, it is appropriate for us to remind you that there are extreme or extraordinary times when reading or studying the Bible is not the most important thing to do. In fact, there are times when doing it could be harmful or counterproductive.

David Murray, with help from puritan Richard Baxter, highlights one of those exceptional times: depression.

One of the strangest steps of faith I’ve ever taken as a pastor was telling a depressed Christian to stop reading the Bible. This Christian was in a terrible dark hole of depression and was tormenting herself every day by spending long periods ransacking the Scriptures for a verse that would cure her depression. She was frantic and desperate in her search and every day her “failure” only deepened her depression as she concluded that she must have been abandoned by God. It also left her mentally and even physically exhausted. Bible reading seemed to be harming rather than helping her.

I felt that her mind needed a rest and that she would never recover unless she stopped this daily self-torture. That’s when I said that she should stop reading the Bible for a short time to let her mind rest and to rebuild her emotional reserves. Then she would hopefully be able to read the Bible again with profit.

Murray goes on to quote Richard Baxter who counsels those with “melancholy” to refrain from “fixed, long, and deep meditations that will only hurt you” so that “you may later do what you cannot do now.”

I’m reminded of Ecclesiastes 3:1-15, where we’re told that life as God’s creatures in a fallen world means there is a time for every matter under heaven. God has made this to be so, that we cannot find out what God has done from the beginning to the end. There is, in fact, a time to stop reading the Bible. Please consider Murray’s and Baxter’s helpful insights.

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We Must Not Discard the Old Testament

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In “Why We Can’t Unhitch from the Old Testament,” Michael Kruger reviews Andy Stanley’s latest book Irresistible: Reclaiming the New that Jesus Unleashed for the World. Stanley’s claims include the following:

  • “when it comes to stumbling blocks to faith, the Old Testament is right up there at the top of the list”
  • using the Old Testament has led to “prosperity gospel, the crusades, anti-Semitism, legalism, exclusivism, judgmentalism,” and more.
  • when people wrestle with trusting Christ, “the Old Testament is usually the culprit”
  • the church fathers “ignored [Paul’s] warning against mixing and matching”
  • when we look for Jesus in the Old Testament Scriptures, God’s Word is being “hijacked” by Christians who are “ignoring original context”

Kruger clearly and biblically addresses these and other claims in his helpful review. He’s happy to celebrate what Stanley gets right, but he’s also not afraid to show where Stanley’s thinking veers off course.

What I most appreciate about Kruger’s review is that he shows us how our thinking about the Bible must derive directly from the Bible. It’s worth checking out to see an example of how to do that well.

Check it out!

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How to Sabotage a Bible Study

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Following in the vein of The Screwtape Letters, Greg Morse posts a letter from a senior demon to his underling with instructions for undermining his patient’s Bible study. The demon first needs to have no fear of allowing his patient to attend a Bible study, as they are so easy to turn toward evil purposes.

Then the senior demon, Wormwood, proposes a course of action that ought to convict us all:

Keep the Bible study merely that: a study.

Bring the Enemy’s word out to be dissected, examined, and (if at all possible) critiqued — but make sure to divide the three strands. They must never read devotionally, theologically, and ethically all together. Keep them to one lane. If your man tends towards a theological bent, give him a heavy head, a shriveled heart, and uncalloused hands. Make him the first to debate, the last to worship, and the first to excuse himself from service.

If devotional, make him sentimental but shallow in his understanding and ignorant to any further application. Let him be deeply affected by his personal devotions but never enough to think too hard or to take the Enemy’s commands too seriously.

And finally, if ethically inclined, let him build his social-justice house without any real love for the Enemy. Let him imagine that he does wonders to advance great causes in the world, all while leaving behind the most significant command: love the Enemy with his all. And his highest mission: Make disciples of all nations. “Lord, Lord did we not . . . ” is one of the most satisfying refrains for our Father Below to overhear just before the patients are placed before us for good.

This is challenging stuff. The rest of Wormwood’s letter to his nephew Globdrop is worth your time.

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There Are No Bible Verses

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Stand to Reason has a concise and terrific article by Greg Koukl about the fact that the books of the Bible originally had no verse markings. Koukl states the unintended consequences of verse divisions, which were first introduced in 1551:

There’s good news and bad news about verse numbers. The good news is it’s easier to find stuff. The bad news is it’s easier to get stuff wrong. Verse numbers tempt readers to take a passage as a collection of discrete statements having meaning and application in isolation from the larger work (“How does this verse apply to my life?”).

Why is it a problem to do this?

God did not give us 66 books of short, pithy sayings to be applied piecemeal to our lives (with a few exceptions, e.g., much of Proverbs). Most of Scripture is narrative—story. Most of the rest—NT epistles, for example—is argument (making a case) or instruction. Each of these—narrative, argument, instruction—involves a flow of thought within the passage from the larger part to the smaller part.

And in conclusion:

So, beware. A really good idea almost five centuries ago had a bad consequence that can sabotage your understanding of Scripture. I suggest you ignore the artificial divisions (chapters, verses, headings) and focus on the larger narrative, argument, or instruction. Start big, then get small. Look at the larger flow of thought, then zoom in on the particulars.

Koukl makes his case with a few compelling examples. This is why we’ve taken time to review many readers Bibles on this site. Here’s another reason to invest in an ESV Reader’s Bible, 6 Volume Set,  which is 50% off at Westminster Bookstore until tomorrow.

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Disclaimer: Westminster Bookstore links are affiliate links, so by clicking them, you’ll support this blog at no extra cost to yourself.

Listen to the Old Testament, Which Still Speaks

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I rarely link to book reviews, especially when I haven’t yet read the book being reviewed. But Josh Philpot’s review of 6 Ways the Old Testament Speaks Today by Alec Motyer sounded like something that might interest the readers of this blog.

The late Professor Motyer was a reputable scholar with a commitment to help ordinary people learn to study the Bible. This new book is a posthumous reprint of an earlier work, A Scenic Route Through the Old Testament.

Philpot states the need for Motyer’s book:

With the exception of a select number of psalms, a few passages in Isaiah, and a general outline of famous hero stories, our grasp of the Old Testament can be quite weak. Some have even said recently that the Old Testament is dying in certain churches. Why is this so?

According to Motyer, we’ve lost the “voice” of the Old Testament.

Philpot quotes Motyer:

Instead of Columbus “discovering America,” suppose the American Indians had journeyed east to tell us about themselves and about the marvelous land to the west where they lived. The Old Testament is like that: it is not the account of human voyage of discovery, searching for God, but of God coming to tell us about himself. (121)

And Philpot concludes:

We believers need a relationship with the Old Testament. We need to slay our tendency to read only the stories and psalms that are most familiar to us. We need to dwell in the Old Testament for an extended time, struggling to understand each book. We need to wrestle with God’s message like Jacob wrestled God, even if it means we come away with a limp. The pages of the Old Testament were never intended to be left untouched like dust on an old barn floor. The Old Testament was meant to ransacked. There are hidden treasures, after all (Prov. 2:4), and only by ransacking the Bible for all its worth does one understand the fear of the Lord, and “find the knowledge of God” (Prov. 2:5).

This indeed seems worth checking out. Here is Philpot’s inspiring review. And if you’d rather go directly to the source, here is Motyer’s book.

Check it out!

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Making Sense of Prophecy

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In his article “How to (Mis)Interpret Prophecy,” Michael Heiser illustrates one weakness with over-generalizing our interpretive principles. He mentions the principle: “When the plain sense makes sense, seek no other sense.” And then he examines the use of Amos 9 in Acts 15 to show one place where the principle needs more nuance.

He concludes:

Comparing these passages illustrates important lessons: Interpreting biblical prophecy cannot be distilled to a simple maxim, and not everything can be taken literally. The New Testament shows us otherwise.

His concise analysis is worth your time. Check it out!